<p>The Charles S. Simpson House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Charles S. Simpson</h2><br>
<p>Simpson was born in Miami County, Ohio in 1856, the son of David W. and Fannie (Martin) Simpson. He was educated in the local public schools of Troy, Ohio and when he finished his education he was involved in the nursery business and agriculture. He came to Scott County, Iowa in 1894. That same year he married Amelia Gross of Le Claire, Iowa. They had two children, one of whom died young. Charles was one of the organizers of the LeClaire Savings Bank in 1901 and was elected its president. For eleven of the fifteen years he lived in LeClaire he served as an alderman.</p><br>
<p>He built this Georgian Revival home in Davenport in 1910. He maintained his position as the bank president in Le Claire after the move, but also served as treasurer of the Midland Supply Company, a vending machine and cigar lighter dealership.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Th Simpson house is a fine Davenport example of the renewed interest that the United States had in Colonial Revival architecture around the turn of the 20th-century. This particular house was designed in Georgian Revival idiom of the Colonial style. The two-story brick house features a high hipped roof with curved dormers, a six-bay front, a porte-cochere and a full height entrance. The single-door entrance is framed by columns in the Doric order, a semicircular pediment and sidelights.</p><br>
<p>A carriage house/garage is located along the alley northeast of the house. The two-story frame structure was built in the combined Queen Anne and Shingle styles. It has been adapted for use by automobiles. It features a steeply-pitched roof that sweeps down to flared eaves, and it has a cupola on top. Other architectural features of the carriage house were removed when it was renovated.</p><br>
<p>The George Tromley Sr. House is located in Le Claire, Iowa. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. The property is part of the Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource, which covers the homes of men from LeClaire who worked on the Mississippi River as riverboat captains, pilots, builders and owners. It is also a contributing property in the Cody Road Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>George Tromley Sr.</h2><br>
<p>Tromley sailed the Mississippi River before the advent of the steamboat. He began his career on the river floating log rafts, which were common before the American Civil War, and he built the first raft boat on the river at Le Claire. Eventually he sailed the river as a captain. Tromley and Thomas Doughty, a local engineer, took the small steamer the Le Claire upriver where they conducted an experiment to use a steamboat to push a log raft. The Le Claire was not powerful enough to control the raft, but the experiment led to a major development in being able to transport logs from the northern forests to the mills further south. Samuel Van Sant of Le Claire was able to use its results to build a boat that was large enough and had enough power to tow a log raft in 1870. George Tromley Sr. married Katherine McCaffrey and they raised three children. The house of their eldest son, George Tromley Jr., is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The George Tromley Sr. House is a two-story structure that was built in two sections. The older section of the house is in the front, and is constructed of brick, that is now painted white, and is capped with a low pitched hipped roof. It features a three-bay front with the main entrance to the left that is sheltered by a small gable roofed porch. It is probably a later addition. The windows have lintels with nearly flat pediments. The newer section was built of frame construction on the back of the older section, and it is also capped with a hipped roof. Its windows are set in flat enframements and are topped with narrow cornices. A single-story porch with pentroof is located in the angle formed by the two sections. It is supported by slender turned posts. A two-story rectangular bay, with a small pentroof separating the two stories, protrudes from the south side of the older section. A single-story polygonal bay is located on the southeast corner of the newer section.</p><br>
<p>The George Tromley Jr. House is located in Le Claire, Iowa. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1979. The property is part of the Houses of Mississippi River Men Thematic Resource, which covers the homes of men from LeClaire who worked on the Mississippi River as riverboat captains, pilots, builders and owners.</p><br>
<h2>George Tromley Jr.</h2><br>
<p>Tromley was born in 1857 at LeClaire to George and Katherine (McCaffrey) Tromely. Like his father he worked as a river pilot on the Mississippi River. He married Alice LaCock and they had an adopted daughter. His parent&#39;s home, the George Tromley Sr. House, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The George Tromley Jr. House is a 1½-story frame structure that was built in 1865. The house is noteworthy because of its use of the jerkinhead gable roof with a large jerkinhead dormer centered on the main facade. The exterior is faced with narrow clapboards. There is a one-story porch that curves around the southeast corner of the house and it connects with a one-story, gable-roofed section on the northeast corner. This section may have been used as a summer kitchen. The house is located on a raised lot that is surrounded by a stone retaining wall.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery Park is an office building and former Montgomery Ward mail-order catalog warehouse and department store located in Portland, Oregon, United States, built in 1920. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places under its historic name Montgomery Ward & Company Building. The building is located on property once used for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, of 1905. It was occupied by Montgomery Ward from 1920 until 1985, although the majority of the company&#39;s operations at this location ended in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and original uses</h2><br>
<p>At the time of its completion, in September 1920, the building was the largest in the city, as measured by floor space, which was approximately 569,000 ft2 originally. A 229,000 ft2 wing was added to the building&#39;s northwest corner in 1935–36, changing what had been an L-shaped building to a roughly U-shaped one. The building has nine floors plus a basement. The 4th through 9th floors were used almost exclusively as warehouse space, while most portions of the 2nd and 3rd floors functioned as office and mail-order workspace. The first floor was used primarily for loading and unloading of freight arriving and leaving by truck or rail and temporary storage of such goods. Three rail spurs served the facility, extending into the ground floor. Among other things, the building is known for its large steel-framed roof sign, the largest sign in Portland, which was constructed in 1925.</p><br>
<h3>Retail store</h3><br>
<p>Retail service at this location was relatively limited in its first years. A 1936 expansion added retail space, covering a variety of goods, occupying a new mezzanine floor and parts of the 2nd and 3rd floors. A tire store was opened in an adjacent annex. In the post-World War II years, the Vaughn Street stores business declined steadily. An increasing proportion of the stores customers were attracted to new suburban shopping malls, and in the early 1970s Montgomery Ward began to follow the same path itself, opening stores at Mall 205 and Jantzen Beach Mall, along with a stand-alone store in Beaverton. The Northwest Portland store closed in July 1976, and the building remained in use only for warehouse and mail-order functions and as a "catalog overstock outlet". In 1978, the company built a new warehouse in Portland&#39;s Rivergate Industrial District, and in 1982 it closed the Northwest Portland warehouse, eliminating 500 jobs at the site. Only the small "clearance outlet" store continued to operate, and following the 1984 sale of the building, that store closed finally in July 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>In 1984, the building was acquired by the Norcrest China Company, a Portland property development company owned by Bill Naito and his brother Sam Naito. As part of the renovations, the building was renamed "Montgomery Park". The "notoriously frugal" Bill Naito liked the new name, because it meant that only the "W" and "D" of "Ward" in the huge 14-letter neon rooftop sign needed to be altered, with "P" and "K" letters. The sign was changed in May 1986, at which time most of the renovations also were completed and the building opened for regular use for trade shows, among other uses.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hōō is located in the western portion of Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Because the mountain has three peaks, it is also called Hōō Sanzan . It is in Minami Alps National Park and is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Mount Hōō has three peaks:</p><br>
<p>Mount Hōō is separated from most of the other mountains in the Akaishi range, giving a wider view of the surrounding mountains. Also, most mountains in the range have a reddish-brown color ("Akaishi" means "red stone" in Japanese), but Mount Hōō and Mount Kaikoma are the two exceptions, as they are granite mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Metal ore was found in the mountain during the Sengoku period and, by the Edo period, the mountain was exploited for its metals and forest products.</p><br>
<p>In 1904, Walter Weston became the first to climb the obelisk on top of Jizōdake.</p><br>
<p>On June 1, 1964, this area was specified to the Minami Alps National Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, Sumie Tanaka (田中澄江 Tanaka Sumie) completed New Flowers of the 100 Mountains, which featured many of the alpine plants on Mount Hōō.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Nearby mountains</h3><br>
<p>Mount Hōō is on the subridge (from Mount Komatsu) of the main ridge line in the northern part of the Akaishi Mountains.</p><br>
<h3>Rivers</h3><br>
<p>The mountain is the source of the following rivers, each of which flows to the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<p>Noro River (a tributary of the Fuji River)</p><br>
<p>Ōtake River, Kotake River (tributaries of the Tenryū River)</p><br>
<p>Djebel Ressas is a high and rugged outcropping of Jurassic limestone situated on the horizon southeast of Tunis, Tunisia. Competing in the foreground, the familiar profile of Djebel Boukornine may appear taller, but at 795 metres Ressas is the dominant peak. Along the highway between Tunis and Hammamet there are excellent views of the mountain as one looks south from near the tollbooths, just past the exit to Mornag.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geologic origins of Djebel Ressas and the neighboring peaks date to earlier than 100 million years ago. The surrounding region was then a vast and swampy tropical area abundant with life. The large carnivorous dinosaurs Spinosaurus aegyptiacus hunted nearby in what is currently the Sahara desert in southern Tunisia.Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France; September 2002; v. 173; no. 5; p. 415-421; © 2002, A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae,</p><br>
<p>Eric Buffetaut1 and Mohamed Ouaja</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, just to the north, minuscule prehistoric animals, known as radiolarians, dwelt in a primordial sea that eventually became today’s Mediterranean. Covering much of what we now call the Maghreb of northern Africa, masses of these shelled microorganisms inhabited that exotic marine environment, depositing their tiny crusty carcasses on the bottom as they died. Countless layers of their organic remains were compacted and cemented into limestone, eventually forming the base of the ancient seafloor and ultimately providing the limestone fabric for a future mountain range.</p><br>
<p>Over eons, tectonic forces laterally compressed southern regions of this sedimentary basement, thrusting the seafloor upward along contorted faults and displacing the sea northward to its present shoreline. The Atlas Mountains gradually wrinkled their way across the northern, leading edge of Africa, with Ressas at the northeastern terminus of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Human History</h2><br>
<p>Earliest references in literature indicate the countryside adjacent to Djebel Ressas was possibly the location of a famous military engagement, fought and won decisively by the empire of Carthage against rebel mercenaries and other local enemies, late in the 2nd century BC. Known as the Battle of "The Saw", the event is historically significant for the 40,000 lives it claimed.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the mountain was effectively defended by an isolated German artillery unit until the very end of that conflict in north Africa in May 1943.</p><br>
<p>Contrasting with earlier hostilities on the slopes, agriculture is what’s happening there now. Today most of the mountain is a quiet host to olive orchards and small herds of domestic livestock. The nearby town of Mornag has become the capitol of a flourishing wine producing region.</p><br>
<p>In Tunisian Arabic, the name Djebel Ressas literally means ‘mountain of lead’, a reference to the ore that was mined there, perhaps from Roman times until the late 19th or early 20th century. The southeastern slopes of the djebel still support an active rock and gravel quarry. Materials from this site are used to produce cement and stone matter for meeting the demands of Tunisia’s rapidly expanding road systems and building infrastructure.</p><br>
<h2>General Orientation</h2><br>
<p>Most of Djebel Ressas is now an excellent setting for a day of rewarding outdoor activity. But the site has not been developed formally as a recreational objective. Perhaps that’s partly due to its official status as a "nature preserve".</p><br>
<p>Clinton Square, in downtown Syracuse, New York, was the original town center and first came into existence in the early 19th century where roadways from north and south convened. By 1825, the construction of the Erie Canal further transformed the busy intersection into the center of commerce and trade in Central New York.</p><br>
<p>The canal was filled in during 1925 and was converted to Erie Boulevard, a major thoroughfare that runs east to west through the city. Today the square is a popular location for outdoor events and festivals in the city and is located on Erie Boulevard West and North Salina Street in downtown Syracuse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clinton Square is the historic center of downtown Syracuse, New York and was named in honor of 19th century politician, DeWitt Clinton who served two terms as Governor of New York State. During his tenure, Clinton was instrumental in the construction of the Erie Canal which ran through the center of the square.</p><br>
<p>The small park is bounded by West Genesee Street on the north, East Water Street to the south, South Salina Street on the east and South Clinton Street on the west. Erie Boulevard East meets Erie Boulevard West at the square; however, in 2001 traffic was rerouted around the park for the ice rink and reflecting pool.</p><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>The small square played a factor and influenced the formation of the "modern city" and was home to the first daily newspaper, first railroad, first business, first post office, first road, first water communication, first electric light, first automobile, first telephone, first market and first hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was the "marketing facilities" which made the square the nucleus of the city. In the early days the area was wooded, then cleared and bordered by a few buildings including the home of city founder, Joshua Forman, which was set back from Salina and Water streets "amid lawns and gardens" south of the square. Frame and brick buildings soon "crowded out" the early structures and brick buildings "coated with a yellow finish resembling whitewash" dominated the square.</p><br>
<h3>Erie Canal</h3><br>
<p>Excavation began on the Onondaga County stretch of the canal in 1817 and was completed in 1825. In the early days, the canal was known as Clintons Ditch and it split the square in half. The square was the heart of Downtown Syracuse. Its role as the citys business center grew after the Erie Canal was completed.</p><br>
<p>Besides being the city&#39;s main marketplace, the square also served as a dock for canal boats.</p><br>
<p>In the beginning, trappers and traders were among those who used the packet dock located in the square. By 1830, nearly five years after the canal opened, deer still ran through the village and bear were shot in Salina Street. A 20-pound salmon was caught in Furnace Brook. Pelts were traded or sold and wild animals were offered for sale to packet boat travelers. Canal life was "wild," with brawling at the locks and at licensed places where drink was cheap and plentiful.</p><br>
<p>Wood marketing flourished in the city and the forest was cleared to supply fuel for local salt boiling, lumber for new homes and boat building. The pepperidge (Nyssa sylvatica) (also known as tupelo) tree, adapted for "brine-pipe" use in the salt industry were so valuable and in such high demand, the tree is now virtually extinct within a radius of 10 mi of the city.</p><br>
<p>For decades, the squares central location made it the citys social and commercial hub, "a busy spot where boats loaded with wares for the growing city docked and people gathered." By 1905, an elevated "hoist" bridge crossed the canal at Salina Street and Clinton Street. Spectators often stood atop the bridge to watch the barges pass. The bridge could be crossed by pedestrians even when elevated. The new bridge was constructed to replace earlier "swing and arch" bridges.</p><br>
<h3>Town market</h3><br>
<p>The land became an "unofficial" common and was occupied by many squatter marketing interests. Farmers parked their wagons in the streets leading out of the north side of the square. For 50 years or more, scales set up in front of a saloon served as the market scales. In 1877, mayor, James J. Belden named John Connor as city weighmaster and meat inspector, a position he served for 15 years until 1892. Mayor Jacob Amos created two positions and "separated the offices" and Connor was succeeded by Jerry McQuirk whose daughter assisted by Thomas Timmons served as "weighmistress."</p><br>
<p>Mayor James K. McGuire decided the square should be a park and that the market should be moved to Gifford Street near West Onondaga Street, however, the market dealers and customers were not in favor of his proposal. The Common Council, nevertheless, declared the square formally a park on January 10, 1893. The old "hay market" at North Salina Street, Pearl Street and Belden Avenue became the new city market. In January 1940, a "convenience market" was still located on North Salina Street in the city&#39;s Northside.</p><br>
<p>The last market in the square was conducted on May 15, 1899. Ten years later, on May 30, 1909, the cornerstone for the Soldiers and Sailors Monument was laid.</p><br>
<h3>Commercial center</h3><br>
<p>Passenger boats docked along the city&#39;s main thoroughfare and packet boats and barges transported cargo through the center of the city. The square was surrounded by the county courthouse, banks, hotels and theaters and made the area the center of city government as well as local commerce.</p><br>
<p>In 1862, there were two steam packet lines "during the season of navigation" that departed from the "basin" in Clinton Square. The first departed each day at 3:30pm with the exception of Sunday. The proprietor was Smith and Drury. The second packet departed each Wednesday and Friday at 5:00am under the direction of captain E. Wheeler.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 19th century the canal was no longer in use as a main channel in trade and was later replaced by the New York State Barge Canal which was completed in 1918. For a short period in 1900 there was even discussion of a ship canal. The packet dock on the south side of the square was in use for many years as an "excursion boat quay."</p><br>
<h4>Empire house</h4><br>
<p>The Empire House was a large hotel that was erected on the north side of the square in the mid-19th century. A fire destroyed the hotel in 1942. The Atlantic Building, a two-story art moderne commercial structure was located on the site until 1968. The building was replaced by the Syracuse Newspapers in 1971.</p><br>
<h4>County courthouse</h4><br>
<p>The first courthouse in the area, built in the 1805, was located in Onondaga Hill, New York until the county seat was moved to Syracuse in 1830. Both Onondaga Hill and Salina were contenders for the new facility. Governor DeWitt Clinton vetoed a bill designed to keep the courthouse at Onondaga Hill in an attempt to make Syracuse the Central City, an early nickname for the municipality.</p><br>
<p>As a compromise, the new courthouse building was placed midway between Syracuse and Salina on North Salina Street, north of Ash Street. The "halfway" courthouse burned in the mid-1850s.</p><br>
<p>During 1856, architect, Horatio Nelson White was given the "prestigious opportunity" of designing the third Onondaga County Courthouse. At that time, the courthouse was relocated to Clinton Square.</p><br>
<p>In 1890 the County Board of Supervisors voted to build a new courthouse, the fourth, to replace the constrained quarters of the old courthouse in Clinton Square, however, it wasnt until 12 years later, in 1902, that architects Archimedes Russell and Melvin King were hired to design the new structure which was completed in 1907. The new facility was relocated to St. Marys Circle, later renamed to Columbus Circle.</p><br>
<h4>City Hall</h4><br>
<p>The original City Hall, commonly known as Market Hall, was located in Clinton Square and was built in 1853. The present Syracuse City Hall was constructed between 1889 to 1893 and the center of city government moved to East Washington and Montgomery streets, a distance of 1 mi.</p><br>
<h4>Gridley building</h4><br>
<p>In 1867, the Gridley Building was constructed to house the Onondaga County Savings Bank. It was designed by architect Horatio Nelson White who designed several buildings in Syracuse.</p><br>
<p>The building was composed of two sections that were constructed several years apart. The original wing was "wedge shaped" and faced Clinton Square and had a "raised" South Salina Street entrance with "broad" stone steps. The entrance was sealed in the 1960s and the steps were removed. The second addition, a rectangular shaped wing to the east, was added in 1876.</p><br>
<h4>Syracuse Savings bank</h4><br>
<p>The Syracuse Savings Bank Building was constructed in 1876 and was the first building in the city with a passenger elevator. The architect, Joseph Lyman Silsbee, maintained his office on the top floor surrounded by balconies. The bank was in operation from 1849 until 1987 when it merged with Fleet/Norstar Financial Group who later changed their name to Fleet Bank. Most recently, the bank was purchased by Bank of America.</p><br>
<h4>Onondaga County Savings bank</h4><br>
<p>By 1897, the Onondaga County Savings Bank moved into a new, larger building across Hanover Square in Neo-Classical design which became the main branch. The building, erected in 1896 and designed by architect R. W. Gibson, is still in existence today and called the Onondaga Savings Bank and is located at 113 South Salina Street. It was 9½ stories and constructed of granite and limestone. At that time, the building was the tallest in Syracuse. Angelo Magnanti designed the plaster ceiling and William Teff Schwartz created murals of Onondaga County history.</p><br>
<h4>Townsend block</h4><br>
<p>The Jerry Rescue Monument, which commemorates the rescue of a fugitive slave by citizens in 1851, is located on the western side of the square. The Clinton Square building from which the slave was rescued was called the Townsend Block and after the rescue was commonly known as the "Jerry Rescue Building". The site retained that name even after the original building burned down and a new building was constructed in its place.</p><br>
<h4>Wieting Opera House</h4><br>
<p>The Wieting Opera House was donated in the mid-19th century by physician and medical lecturer, John M. Wieting M.D. (1817–1888) and was considered a "world class" cultural institution. at the corner of South Salina Street in 1852 and was lost to fire in 1856.</p><br>
<p>The building was rebuilt and reopened in 1870 as the Wieting Opera House and had a seating capacity of 1,017. In fact, opera was never intended as the main venue in the theater. At that time, towns throughout America had opera houses where operas were seldom or never performed. The "opera house" designation simply provided a respectable cover for places that presented a variety of popular entertainments. Often they were called "museums."</p><br>
<p>On July 19, 1881, the building was totally destroyed by a fire during early morning hours. The theater was one of the finest in Syracuse and one of the handsomest in New York State. It was wholly destroyed within two hours. The fire was the most "disastrous" that had occurred in the city in 30 years, however, two other minor fires had occurred at that same site during the previous 25 years.</p><br>
<p>The total loss was $398,000, of which $270,000 was covered by insurance. The building was occupied by 50 tenants and "all are losers to considerable amounts." The tenants owned a variety of businesses in the building including; insurance agencies, clothiers, hardware, boots and shoes, jewelry, agricultural implements and office fixtures. Several professionals such as architects, lawyers, photographers and stock brokers also lost their businesses.</p><br>
<p>The building was four stories tall and covered half an acre of ground and was still owned by John M. Wieting. The theater was valued at $200,000 and was insured for $80,000. Half a dozen people were severely injured in the fire by the falling walls and debris. The western circuits of the Western Union telegraph lines were interrupted for several hours, and the American Union lines were down in all directions. Intense heat from the fire broke the plate-glass windows in the buildings on the opposite side of the street and did other damage.</p><br>
<p>The building was quickly rebuilt and opened its doors as a theater in 1882 and had a seating capacity of over 1,200. In 1896, several buildings in Clinton Square burned including the Wieting Building, on the south side of the square which also caught fire in 1856 and 1881 and was rebuilt each time.</p><br>
<p>By 1897, Wieting&#39;s widow had replaced the building. The third Wieting building which seated 2,140, was a "resplendent edifice" with ornate chandeliers, a floor of Italian mosaic tile, marble walls, a rich gold and rose color scheme, draperies of silk and velvet and bronze doors. "In short, a theatre rather than a lecture hall, museum or opera house" as opposed to the original buildings on the site.</p><br>
<p>During its prime in the late 19th century, world premieres and test runs of plays and light operas were held in the theater.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1890s, the three theatres in Downtown Syracuse each had their own specialty. The Wieting Opera House became the house of stars in "touring combinations" while the Grand evolved into a vaudeville house and the Bastable, also in Clinton Square, featured stock companies and melodramas and was called the "house of 10-20-30 cent shows." At one point, the Shubert brothers managed all three facilities.</p><br>
<p>Today the side is occupied by the Atrium, a hotel and office-convention center.</p><br>
<h4>Public library</h4><br>
<p>The public library, called the Franklin Institute, conducted its activities in the Wieting Block and sponsored "lecture courses and book circulation."</p><br>
<h4>Bastable block</h4><br>
<p>By 1893, the Wieting and Grand theatres were making so much money in the city that Frederick Bastable built a third and called it the Bastable. The theatre did not become profitable until December 1897, when local magnate, Sam Shubert took over the management.</p><br>
<p>The Bastable theatre "abandoned" the horseshoe-style configuration that had been traditional in theatres in the 1880s. It had two balconies and three decorated "boxes" on each side of the house. In the early days, the gallery cost 10 cents, the balcony cost 20 cents and the orchestra was 30 cents.</p><br>
<h4>Main post office</h4><br>
<p>The Federal Building and former main Post Office which is now called Clinton Exchange was constructed in 1928 in a Neoclassical architecture style and is located at the western end of Clinton Square.</p><br>
<h3>Soldiers and Sailors Monument</h3><br>
<p>Planning for the Soldiers and Sailors Monument which was donated by Charles M. Warner, began in 1894 when the project was first approved. Initially, plans were made to erect the monument in Hanover Square but Warner felt the area was too small for such a large monument. By March 1896, the Common Council approved of Clinton Square as the location with the exception of Alderman Matty who wanted to keep the produce market. According to the council; "the most feasible solution of the market question appears to be the removal of the produce market to the location of the present hay market and the removal of the hay market to another location."</p><br>
<p>The grassy oval in the center of the square was removed in 1909 for the addition of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument which was erected in honor of 12,000 Onondaga County Civil War veterans. The monument was designed by architect Clarence Blackall with sculpture by Cyrus Edwin Dallin, at a cost of $79,000. Theodore E. Hancock sponsored the county bonding for the purpose. Many residents observed the dedication of the monument in June 1910, from the roofs and windows of nearby buildings after the street became too crowded.</p><br>
<p>The canal was in use until the early 1920s. During 1925, the Erie Canal was filled in and the southside of the square became a parking lot and soon became a major transportation hub with the addition of Erie Boulevard which ran from east to west through the city.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1950s, the monument and statues required a "powerful cleaning" and recently the statues were shipped to Maryland for another cleaning.</p><br>
<h3>Renovations</h3><br>
<p>Clinton Square was renovated several times throughout the years. After the swampland of Syracuse was paved over, landscapers tried to recreate a "natural feel in an urban setting," however, the vegetation did not last very long. At the turn of the 19th century, it was a "lightly planted oval with a low fence around it" which were removed in 1909.</p><br>
<p>On April 27, 1933, a force of 100 WPA workers, some equipped with pnematic drills, began ripping out the pavement in Clinton Square, by chiseling the outlined enclosure of the planned garden space and fountain in the transformation of a city parking district. The project was sponsored by Mayor Marvin and designed by Dwight J. Baum.</p><br>
<p>During 1937, the Depression-era Works Progress Administration made landscaping changes. At that time, the square gained its southern half, complete with central fountain. The blocks surrounding the square were shaped as "clipped trapezoids which mirrored" each other. In the late 1950s, pine trees were planted but were cut down in 1979 to prepare for another renovation.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, the southern half of the park was redesigned with sunken and terraced sections and a "pyramid-shaped" brick fountain with water cascading down brick steps. The fountain contained antique brick from the Erie Canal. The bricks were removed when the landscaping was redesigned in 2001 as well as all remaining trees in the square.</p><br>
<p>The most recent renovation took place in the fall of 2001 when the Soldiers and Sailors Monument was also rededicated. The project, under the direction of Mayor Roy Bernardi cost $9.2 million. It involved closing a section of Erie Boulevard and the creation of a large reflecting pool and outdoor performance area on the original site of the Erie Canal. The city hoped to make it an inviting space that would attract visitors year-round, however, most hours of the business day, as it was during the 1980s and 1990s before the square was renovated, only a handful of people can be seen using the tables and benches.</p><br>
<h3>Ice rink</h3><br>
<p>The Clinton Square Ice Rink is located south of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument. More than 20,000 ice skaters visit the open air rink each winter. The skating season in the square begins the last week of November and runs until mid-March. The rink is open "weather permitting" and visitors should call in advance. Children under age 12 should be accompanied by an adult. Special group rates, lunch time skates and family nights are offered.</p><br>
<h3>Home for the holidays</h3><br>
<p>Each year, on the day after Thanksgiving, a large Norway Spruce, donated locally, is erected in Clinton Square and is the main attraction of Syracuse&#39;s Home for the Holidays celebration.</p><br>
<h3>Entertainment site</h3><br>
<p>The square was transformed by the city of Syracuse into a festival and entertainment site. Each year, thousands of people visit Downtown Syracuse to attend a wide variety of events. During the winter months, the reflecting pool in the center of the square, which was designed to symbolize the Erie Canal, is converted to a skating rink, "reminiscent of the years when Syracusans skated on the canal waters."</p><br>
<p>There are a wide range of attractions including shopping, dining and entertainment within close walking distance to the square.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Square is managed by the Syracuse Department of Parks.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>Vemmetofte Convent is a former manor house in Faxe Municipality south of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was turned into a convent by Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark in 1735. Since 1975 it has provided housing available to the general public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The oldest known reference to Vemmetofte Manor dates back to 1320 when it was owned by Johannes Offesen, a brother-in-law of Stig Andersen Hvide who owned land both in Skåneland and on Zealand. Later it was owned by members of the aristocratic Brock family from 1464 to 1639. During this early stage of its history it was a strongly fortified house with a ring wall, double moats and draw bridges.</p><br>
<p>After that it passed through the Brahe, Rosenkrandz and Krabbe families before it was bought by Queen Consort Charlotte Amalie in 1694 as part of a larger acquisition of land in the area. She had plans to turn the property into a convent but died in 1714 before they were carried out.</p><br>
<h3>Prince Charles and Princess Sophie Hedvig</h3><br>
<p>The next owner was Prince Charles of Denmark, Charlotte Amalie&#39;s youngest son, who resided at Jægerspris Castle which he had been given by his brother, Frederick IV, who had become king in 1699. Prince Charles immediately embarked on a major renovation and expansion of his new property which it would take nine years to complete.</p><br>
<p>When Frederick IV had Anne Sophie Reventlow, his spouse by bigamy, crowned as his queen in 1721, it led to a breach between the two brothers, and Prince Charles and their sister, Princess Sophia Hedwig, showed their disapproaval by turning their backs on the Court in Copenhagen and taking up residence at Vemmetofte.</p><br>
<p>At Vemmetofte Manor, Charles and Sophie Hedvig maintained an extravagant household. They had a staff of 70 people surpervised by their chamberlain, Carl Adolph von Plessen, who had been a close friend of Prince Charles since their youth</p><br>
<h3>The convent</h3><br>
<p>When Prince Charles died in 1729, he left Vemmetofte to Sophie Hedevig who provided that the estate should be turned into a convent for unmarried women of noble descent on her death. The princess died on 13 March 1738 and Vemmetofte Convent was founded the same year with von Plessen as its first curator. From the beginning the convent suffered from a constrained economy and only survived due to considerable subsidies from von Plessen.</p><br>
<p>The number of women it accommodated varied over the years but was generally 11. According to the charter they either had to be noblewomen or daughters of men from the three highest ranking classes.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Vemmetofte&#39;s architecture is a result of a number of successive expansions and adaptions. The current main building was first built in 1500 and later expanded from 1600 to 1630.</p><br>
<p>Prince Charles&#39; expansion and redesign from 1714 to 1721 was undertaken with the assistance of Johan Conrad Ernst. It adapted the main building to the Baroque style and also added a number of new estate buildings as well as a Baroque garden to the premisses.</p><br>
<p>In 1882 and 1883, the architect Theodor Zeltner carried out a rather rough renovation to a Historicist style which resulted in an unfortunate attempt to recreate a Renaissance castle. In 1907 Acel Berg undertook another major renovation which completely changed its appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Vemmetofte today</h2><br>
<p>Since a revision of its charter in 1975, Vemmetofte has been open to other tenants. The estate covering 2,293 hectares includes Højstrup Manor Marelundsgård.</p><br>
<p>The Pillsbury State Forest is a state forest located in Cass County, Minnesota. Created in 1900, it was the first designated Minnesota state forests. The forest borders Gull Lake and the city of Lake Shore to the north. The forest is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The name of the forest is derived from John S. Pillsbury, the former Governor of Minnesota, who donated the original 1,000 acre of land that became the state forest.</p><br>
<p>Millions of board feet of old-growth eastern white pine and red pine were harvested in the area in the late 19th century, with the intention of turning the land into farmsteads. Many farms were abandoned when the land turned out to be unsuitable for agriculture. Nowadays, northern hardwoods are the dominant tree species in the forest, although eastern white pine, red pine, tamarack, balsam fir, and white spruce can be found. 43 acre of red pine and 37 acre of oak in the forest are designated as old-growth and are exempt from harvesting.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife is abundant in the forest. Mammals such as white-tailed deer, American black bears, gray wolves, and eastern gray squirrels are common. Bird species in the forest include the red-shouldered hawk, ruffed grouse bald eagles, ospreys, and waterfowl (including mallards and wood ducks); rookeries of the great blue heron also are present in the forest, as are wild turkeys who have migrated from nearby Camp Ripley.</p><br>
<p>Popular outdoor recreational activities in the forest are largely centered on the abundance of waterbodies in the forest, and include swimming, fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and boating. Trails are designated for a variety of uses, and include 27 mi set aside for mountain biking and horseback riding, and 1.2 mi specifically for hiking. In the wintertime, 3 mi are designated for cross-country skiing.</p><br>
<p>The Harland Sanders Café is a historic restaurant located in Corbin, Kentucky. Colonel Harland Sanders, the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, operated the restaurant from 1940 to 1956. Sanders also developed the famous KFC secret recipe at the café during the 1940s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After moving to Corbin in 1930, Sanders started a service station across the street from the present location of the Harland Sanders Café along USA Route 25. Sanders served meals for travelers in the back of the service station at his own dining table, which seated six people. By 1937, the culinary skills of Sanders became well known and he built the Sanders Café, which seated 142 people. Two years later, the restaurant was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the fire in 1939, construction began on the present Sanders Café, along with the addition of a motel.</p><br>
<p>Business continued to boom as it was located along USA 25, the main north-south route through central Kentucky. This soon changed with the relocation of the USA Route 25 split into US 25E & US 25W from being in the literal middle of his properties, to a new US 25E roadbed a mile north, in order to allow better access to US 25E from the recently proposed Interstate 75. This resulted in US 25E bypassing the restaurant and city entirely for traffic going to and from the Carolinas and Georgia coasts, and Interstate 75 (when completed through the area in the early 1970s) doing the same for traffic heading towards Atlanta and Florida. Sanders sold the café in 1956 and began selling franchises for KFC. At some point after KFC franchising began, a franchised KFC was sited in the building, using the original kitchen, but converting the model motel room into larger restrooms. This KFC franchise remained in operation until 1988, when it was closed for the renovation into the current structure.</p><br>
<p>The Harland Sanders Café was renovated and reopened in the fall of 1990 as a museum. A modern KFC kitchen was also built adjacent to the café on some of the former motel land, and the two structures attached by an entrance lobby that contains many of the smaller museum displays. The model motel room was restored to its original state as part of the renovation, and modern restrooms added to the back of the original structure. While at the museum, visitors can tour the office of Harland Sanders, see the kitchen where Sanders developed the KFC secret formula, and view KFC memorabilia.</p><br>
<p>Lake Burton, also known as Burton Lagoon, is a meromictic and saline lake in the Vestfold Hills of Princess Elizabeth Land in Eastern Antarctica. Princess Elizabeth Land, including the lake, is claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory. The lake has a surface area of 1.35 km&sup2, a volume of 9.69 million m, a maximum depth of 18.3 m and a mean depth of 7.16 m. The lake is named after H. R. Burton, a biologist working in the Vestfold Hills of Antarctica.</p><br>
<p>The lake is covered with ice for 10–11 months in a year. A tidal channel links the lake with Crooked Fjord only seasonally for about 6–7 months in the year. The tidal channel has a width of 20 m and is about 2 m deep. Lake Burton is the only meromictic lagoon that is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 143, within East Antarctica, and access to the lake can only legally be obtained by a special permit and adhering to some strict regulations.</p><br>
<p>A diatom floristic study of the lagoon revealed that it contains 41 species and is a rich storehouse of psychrophilic photosynthetic bacteria. The heterotrophic bacterial microbiota and the ecology of photosynthetic bacteria of the Lake Burton were studied in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the findings indicate that salinity levels increase from below the ice level towards the lake bottom resulting in dense waters and that the environmental conditions, presence of light in summer, darkness during winter, and oxic and anoxic water status of the lake waters dictated the growth of bacterial phototrophs.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and climate</h2><br>
<p>Lake Burton is located on the Ingrid Christensen Coast in Princess Elizabeth Land in Eastern Antarctica on roughly the same longitude as central India. This area of the coastline lies between Jennings Promontory, at 72°33E, and the western end of the West Ice Shelf at 81°24E in the western half of Princess Elizabeth Land, just east of Amery Ice Shelf. The lake is named after H. R. Burton, a biologist working in the Vestfold Hills of Antarctica. The lake, formerly an arm of the sea, is a dominant feature of the western side of the Vestfold Hills area in what is known as the Mule Peninsula. The lake lies to the northwest of the Sorsdal Glacier, southeast of Oldroyd Island and southwest of the Tryne Islands. The lake has a surface area of 1.35 km&sup2, a volume of 9.69 million m, a maximum depth of 18.3 m and a mean depth of 7.16 m.</p><br>
<p>The climate within the Antarctic Specially Protected Area is monitored at the Davis Station, which is 10 km northwest of Marine Plain, not far from the lake. Hence, all meteorological data collected at this site is relevant to the lake environment also. The area has a polar maritime climate; cold, dry and windy, with sunny days during summer. The temperature varies from -1 &deg;C to 3 &deg;C during summer with a maximum of 5 &deg;C; however, the dominant temperature during most of the year is below 0 &deg;C. During winter, the temperature falls to as low as -40.7 &deg;C.</p><br>
<h2>Protected area</h2><br>
<p>Lake Burton is the only meromictic lagoon that is part of the Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 143, within East Antarctica. The lake is also defined as lagoon as it characterizes a stage in the biological and physio-chemical evolution of a terrestrial water body from the marine environment namely, the geological creation of a lake.</p><br>
<p>Entry to the protected area, including the lake, is controlled by the Australian government. Permits are strictly issued only for specific scientific research in the field of paleontology, paleoclimate, geology, geomorphology, glaciology, biology and limnology. Visits for educational or cultural reasons, which are mandatory within a defined management plan, are also permitted. Any such visit must not cause harm to the ecological or scientific values of the area.</p><br>
<p>Access and movement within the protected areas is restricted. In the lake area in particular, no motorized boats are permitted. Flying over the lakes is also discouraged except for scientific reasons. Vehicular traffic is banned in the reserved areas. Taking samples from the lake is to be kept to the minimum even for scientific studies and also the equipment brought from outside for sampling, and it must be thoroughly washed to avoid any type of contamination from outside. There are many more rules and regulations that are set by the authorities, which have to be strictly adhered to.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna and flora</h2><br>
<p>The Mule Peninsula, in which the lake is located, is an area rich in fossils. Marine algae are abundant in Lake Burton. A diatom floristic study of the lagoon revealed that it contains 41 species. The lake is a rich storehouse of psychrophilic photosynthetic bacteria – some of which have been found nowhere else. Other dominant varieties of bacteria found are Chlorobium vibrioforme and C. limicola. The minor species identified are Thiocapsa roseopersicina and Rhodopseudomonas palustris.</p><br>
<p>The lake also has an ultra structure of Postgaardi mariagerens identified as a member of the clade Euglenozoa – Euglenozoa incertae sedis. Choanoflagellates have been found in the lake, including Diaphanoeca grandis, Diaphanoeca sphaerica, Saepicula leadbeateri and Spiraloecion didymocostatum gen. et sp. nov species.</p><br>
<p>The only fish species ever sighted in the lake, and on just one occasion, is Pagothenia borchgrevinki, though it is commonly found in the vicinity in the coastal areas and fjords of the Vestfold Hills.</p><br>
<p>Four species of metazoan zooplankton have been recorded in the lake, namely, Drepanopus bispinosus, Paralabidocera antarctica (Copepoda), Rathkea lizzioides (Anthomedusae) and a cydippid ctenophore (not named). Also found in the benthic community here are several species of Holotricha, two species of nematode, and many marine amphipods and tardigrades.</p><br>
<h3>Vegetation</h3><br>
<p>The small water courses that flow radially from the northern direction into the lake, which are seasonal streams, abound in lichens. Mosses are found but are more prevalent on the northern end of Poseidon Lake. In the region as a whole, 23 species of lichens and six moss species have been recorded.</p><br>
<h2>Research findings</h2><br>
<p>The heterotrophic bacterial microbiota and the ecology of photosynthetic bacteria of the Lake Burton have been studied in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the findings indicate that salinity levels increase from below the ice level towards the lake bottom resulting in dense waters, the microbiota activity caused depletion of oxygen, separate water bodies of distinct chemistry got formed, the intervening chemical gradients have created niches for colonization by unique microbial communities and 68 bacteria were isolated.</p><br>
<p>In the research studies on photosynthetic bacteria conducted in 1983, the dominant species identified were Chlorobium vibrioforme and Chlorobium limicola. Thiocapsa roseopersicina and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were also found but at lower density. In the anoxic water zone (temperature range of -5 &deg;C to -2.2 &deg;C) of the lake, Chlorobium spp. and T. roseopersicina were found. It was also noted that the environmental conditions, presence of light in summer, darkness during winter, and oxic and anoxic water status of the lake waters dictated the growth of bacterial phototrophs. The dominance of the species Chlorobium spp. was attributed to "more efficient maintenance metabolism in winter and of their greater efficiency in utilizing low intensity light".</p><br>
<p>In 1984, during the Antarctic summer when phytoplankton bloom was apparent, the lake was studied, along with several others in the Vestfold Hills area to assess the reduced sulfuric gases by gas chromatography. The gases were trapped in a solid adsorbent – a molecular sieve with 5 Å pores (80–100 mesh) – and reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) were detected. The most apparent RSCs were dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of St John the Baptist in Midsomer Norton, Somerset, England, is a Grade II* listed building. St. John&#39;s is part of the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The exact date of the building of the church is unknown, but was probably around 1150. The church was under the patronage of Merton Priory in London until the dissolution of the monasteries, but the origin of this link is unknown. A deed of surrender was signed by the prior John Ramsay in 1539 after which Henry VIII bestowed Norton on his Royal Foundation at Oxford. The patronage was passed to Christ Church, Oxford.</p><br>
<p>The Midsomer Norton Knight is a 13th or 14th century tomb effigy carving which may be the figure of one of the Gourney or Warknell family. The wooden effigy used to sit on the top of a tomb which was demolished in the 18th century. It was moved into the vicarage garden and used to represent Judas, becoming known as the Jack o’ Lent. In 1975 the effigy was rediscovered and moved to the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery for conservation.</p><br>
<p>The tower dates from the 15th century, although the upper stages, including the statue of Charles II, are from 1674. The rest of the church was also rebuilt around 1483 and was part funded by Sir John Cheddar. In 1775 John Wesley was allowed to preach at the church.</p><br>
<p>By the beginning of the 19th century the church had fallen into a state of disrepair and major rebuilding and expansion work in Gothic Revival style was carried out under the direction of the Bath architect John Pinch in 1830-1831, at a cost of £2,829. It was extended in the 20th century with new chancel and lady chapel. The walls and gate piers were added a few years later. In 1878 the layout was altered to increase the seating capacity to 700 people and choirs were introduced for services.</p><br>
<p>Since 2009 a major programme of restoration has been undertaken. The chancel has been given a new floor and the altar and choir stalls have been moved. Glass doors were constructed in the Lady Chapel and a new glass screen erected at the front of the St Barnabas Chapel. Some controversy arose when it was revealed that proposals to attach a 21 ft mobile phone mast on the tower were under consideration to help fund the restoration work.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is made up of a five bay aisled nave and two bay chancel with an additional Lady Chapel. The west tower is of three stages.</p><br>
<p>The font is Norman and the east window includes stained glass by Charles Eamer Kempe which was installed in 1889.</p><br>
<p>The churchyard includes a memorial to the 12 miners killed in 1839 at Wellsway pit in Westfield when their rope was severed.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sullivan  was a 19th-century military fortification in Eastport, Maine. It lay opposite New Brunswick, Canada, and served as an important coastal defense for the easternmost United States of America during the 19th century. As part of the establishment of New Ireland during the War of 1812, British Commodore Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet conquered the fort in 1814 and renamed it Fort Sherbrooke after John Coape Sherbrooke, the Governor of Nova Scotia.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In 1808, the United States Army decided to build a fort in Eastport, Massachusetts (now Maine), to protect against possible threats from Britain and other European powers then engaged in warfare. In 1808 or 1809, Major Lemuel Trescott oversaw the construction of the garrison atop Clark&#39;s Hill in the village. The fort contained a four-gun circular earthwork, a wooden blockhouse, and barracks. Fort Sullivan reportedly took its name circa March 1813.</p><br>
<h2>British control</h2><br>
<p>During the War of 1812, in an effort to establish New Ireland, the British forced the American garrison to surrender Fort Sullivan to a British fleet under command of Commodore Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet, on 11 July 1814. British naval forces ultimately took control over the entire coast east of Penobscot Bay, renaming it New Ireland. Even after the war, Britain claimed that Moose Island, Maine, (including Fort Sullivan and the entire village of Eastport) lay on the British side of the border separating United States of America from their loyal colony of New Brunswick and so left eight hundred troops in the fort, which they renamed Fort Sherbrooke after John Coape Sherbrooke, to hold the territory. The British demanded that the inhabitants of Eastport take oaths of allegiance to their crown; some complied, others evaded, and many removed to undisputed American territory. Through negotiations with the British in 1817, Americans renounced their claims to larger islands farther east and regained control over Eastport on 30 June 1818.</p><br>
<p>Two active battalions of the Regular Army (1-5 Inf and 2-5 Inf) perpetuate the lineage of the old 40th Infantry Regiment, which was on garrison duty at Fort Sullivan when it was captured by the British.</p><br>
<h2>Coastal fort</h2><br>
<p>The state of Maine separated from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts under Missouri Compromise of 1820.</p><br>
<p>The post surgeon began meteorological observations at the fort in 1822.</p><br>
<p>The Army stationed officer Nathaniel Dana in the 1st USA Artillery at Fort Sullivan on 15 April 1822, when and where his wife bore his son, future major general Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana.</p><br>
<p>The fort was basically idle until the late 1830s, when disputes over the border with New Brunswick in northern Maine threatened to break out into war. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled the boundary dispute.</p><br>
<p>During American Civil War, the Army constructed earthwork batteries in the area. Maine Coast Guard Companies C mustered in at Eastport on 16 May 1864, stationed at Fort Sullivan, and mustered out 6 September 1865, under Captain Thomas P. Hutchinson.</p><br>
<h2>Decommissioning</h2><br>
<p>In 1873, the Army ceased using and occupying Fort Sullivan. In 1877, the government sold the property at Fort Sullivan. The new owners moved the northernmost barracks quarters to its present location at 74 Washington Street. Other parts of the fort collapsed over time. Ruins of an old powder magazine still exist off McKinley Street, and are the only surviving in situ remains of the fort.</p><br>
<h2>Barracks Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Border Historical Society now owns and operates one of the remaining early 19th century officers quarters as the Barracks Museum, a site listed in National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Maine. Exhibits include the history of Fort Sullivan, the area sardine and ground fishing industries, local history and genealogy. The museum is open in July and August.</p><br>
<p>The Pine Island State Forest is a Minnesota state forest located primarily in Koochiching County, although there are portions that extend into Beltrami, Lake of the Woods, and Itasca counties. The forest borders the Koochiching State Forest to the east, the Red Lake State Forest to the west, and Big Fork State Forest and Chippewa National Forest to the south. At an area of 878,040 acre, it is the largest state forest in Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The location of Lake Agassiz is in the area that leads to the flat topography of the forest, which is dotted with wetlands and bogs, and a sandy loam is throughout. The vast expanses of old-growth northern whitecedar and pine were extensively logged in the early 20th century. But nowadays, the landscape is dominated by black spruce, tamarack, and northern whitecedar in the lowlands; aspen, pine, and balsam fir, which is predominate in upland sites.</p><br>
<p>Popular outdoor recreational activities in the forest are largely centered on the Big Fork River, and include swimming, fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and boating. Trails are designated for a variety of uses, including 168 mi for hiking. In the wintertime, trails are designated for snowmobiling, with 2.5 mi designated for cross-country skiing. Snowshoeing and hunting are available throughout the forest.</p><br>
<p>The Eichelnkopf is a 545.7 m high hill in the southwestern part of the Harz Mountains in the central German state of Lower Saxony.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Eichelnkopf lies about 3.5 km east of Herzberg am Harz, about 3.5 km north of Scharzfeld and about 2.5 km southwest of the Großer Knollen. Its nearest neighbour is the Mittelecke. The hill is completely forested.</p><br>
<h2>Walking</h2><br>
<p>There is a trail that runs from the north and over the summit. The last 300 m below the summit, with an incline of up to 34%, is especially challenging for mountain bikers. On the south slope of the Eichelnkopf, a trail runs past the 300-year-old "Owl Oak" (Euleneiche).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>On the eastern slopes is an isolated outcrop of dark argillaceous slate (Tonschiefer) from the Silurian period, which is one of the oldest rocks in the entire Harz.</p><br>
<p>Kirkelandet is an island in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The island is split in two by the Vågen inlet, with the western half called Kirkelandet and the eastern half called Gomalandet. The name of the island means "church land", since it has been the historic site of a church. Today, Kirkelandet Church is located on the western part of the island.</p><br>
<p>This is the main island of the city of Kristiansund, with the island of Innlandet to the southwest, the island of Nordlandet to the southeast, and the island of Skorpa to the east. The main highway on the island is Norwegian National Road 70. The Sørsund Bridge connects the island to Innlandet and the Nordsund Bridge connects it to the island of Nordlandet. The Atlantic Ocean Tunnel connects it to the island to Averøya to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Craver Farmstead was established circa 1790 consisting of 225 acres with a farmhouse and a barn. Today, the Craver Farmstead is both architecturally and historically significant. The farmhouse was built prior to 1790 and stands as one of the oldest and best preserved examples of Federal-style architecture in upstate New</p><br>
<p>York. The Federal style evolved as the dominant classicizing architecture in North America between 1780 and1830 as the new republic of the United States sought to define itself as independent in literature, art, and architecture just as it was politically.</p><br>
<p>Craver Farmstead is located on Craver Road in southern Rensselaer County, New York at the northeast corner of the town of East Greenbush, NY near the hamlet of West Sand Lake, NY. The one-mile county road bearing the site&#39;s name ("Craver Road") stretches across the original historic site to connect two more recently developed roadways. Historians agree that Craver Road was at first simply a horse trail leading to the then-new farmhouse during the mid-to-late 18th century. Soon afterward, Craver Road became a personal carriageway for the Craver Family as one may think of the modern driveway. The barn located at Craver Farmstead originally served as a private draft horse stable and carriage house for the exclusive use of the Craver family far prior to the advent of the horseless carriage.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the Craver Farmstead represents the agricultural heritage of 18th and 19th century rural New York. It serves as a landmark of the region’s agrarian past as well as a tangible link to the hardy folks who settled upstate New York.</p><br>
<p>The Craver Farmstead is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as certified by the USA Department of the Interior.</p><br>
<h2>Farmhouse</h2><br>
<p>The Craver</p><br>
<p>farmhouse is a fine vernacular example of the Federal style of</p><br>
<p>architecture. The Craver farmhouse also provides</p><br>
<p>a rich historical example of the type of home in which generation after</p><br>
<p>generation of upstate New York farmers resided and reared their families and retains</p><br>
<p>a high degree of integrity of location, feeling, association, materials, and</p><br>
<p>craftsmanship.</p><br>
<p>In the spirit</p><br>
<p>of Federal-style architecture, the Craver farmhouse is characterized by balance</p><br>
<p>and symmetry in design, lightness and elegance in mood, and delicacy and</p><br>
<p>finesse in execution. It retains a high level of historic integrity with its</p><br>
<p>original fenestration and fabric largely intact. The house is a five-bay center-entrance building. It is a two-story side-gabled dwelling of post-and-beam</p><br>
<p>construction with cedar clapboard siding. The front entrance features a gabled</p><br>
<p>porch with a vaulted ceiling and sidelights composed of three vertical panes. The</p><br>
<p>doors and windows of are in strict symmetry. The front windows feature</p><br>
<p>twelve-over-twelve double-hung sashes, original shutter mounts and simple</p><br>
<p>surrounds. The farmhouse has flush raking eaves and five frieze windows across</p><br>
<p>the front.</p><br>
<p>The interior of</p><br>
<p>the Craver farmhouse contains graceful decorative ornament, including a hand-carved</p><br>
<p>wooden fireplace mantel featuring Federal detailing. Board and batten doors</p><br>
<p>with wrought iron hardware are featured in rooms throughout the home. An open balustrade staircase leads to the</p><br>
<p>upper level, which features the original wide pine plank flooring. The walls</p><br>
<p>throughout the house are mostly plaster and contain lath, both sawed and</p><br>
<p>split.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse</p><br>
<p>faces south, standing over a one-room deep hand-dug earth basement with a</p><br>
<p>bedrock floor. The house is supported by a stone-rubble foundation featuring</p><br>
<p>original hand-hewn beams. It stands on the north side of Craver Road, flanked</p><br>
<p>by a quarter-acre pond to the west, a large 19th-century heavy timber-frame,</p><br>
<p>English-style barn to the south and a producing apple orchard to the east. An old stone fence runs in an east–west</p><br>
<p>direction on the northern boundary of the property.</p><br>
<p>The remnants of one</p><br>
<p>stone and mortar foundation are located about 100 feet east of the barn. There</p><br>
<p>are also remnants of a second stone-and-mortar foundation adjacent to the</p><br>
<p>farmhouse on its northern side which is believed to have once been the site of</p><br>
<p>the kitchen as separated from the main dwelling. The foundations are considered</p><br>
<p>unevaluated archeological resources.</p><br>
<h2>Barn and stable</h2><br>
<p>The barn,</p><br>
<p>with its original slate roof and hand-hewn post and beam construction, is typical</p><br>
<p>English period design with center wagon doors and horizontal clapboarding. It is a side-gabled form. Its long side, or axis, is parallel to a</p><br>
<p>hill. Its appearance is of massiveness and simplicity, with heavy mortised,</p><br>
<p>tenoned and pegged beams. Resting on a stone foundation, the lower level</p><br>
<p>contains remnants of dairy and draft horse stalls, while the upper level appears</p><br>
<p>to have been used for hay storage.</p><br>
<h2>Agricultural legacy</h2><br>
<p>The Craver Farmstead consists of rolling farmland and woodlands. Flora in evidence today</p><br>
<p>including apple trees, asparagus, rhubarb, and climbing roses are believed to</p><br>
<p>result of plantings by previous occupants from 100 to 225 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The apple orchard at the Craver Farmstead currently produces three varieties. New York State census</p><br>
<p>records from 1875 confirm that the Craver family had hundreds of apple and pear</p><br>
<p>trees in addition to other crops. The existing orchard consists of</p><br>
<p>approximately 30 producing trees and is the only surviving plot of fruit trees planted</p><br>
<p>by the Craver family more than 100 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Detailed History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Earliest</p><br>
<p>records of the Craver Farmstead indicate construction of the farmhouse sometime</p><br>
<p>prior to 1790. The home appears on a</p><br>
<p>survey map drawn by Evert Van Alen. Whose comments included the farm being</p><br>
<p>"under good improvement" with a "sufficiency of</p><br>
<p>timber." A lease of same farm, some</p><br>
<p>225 acres, called "This Indenture," was dated February 1, 1790. The owner was patroon "Stephen Van</p><br>
<p>Rensselaer, Efquire, Proprietor of the</p><br>
<p>Manor of Renffelaerwyck." The</p><br>
<p>tenants were Johannes and Henrick Miller.</p><br>
<p>On the reverse side of the lease appears a rent release dated December 14,</p><br>
<p>1863, to Peter Reynolds and John W. Craver.</p><br>
<p>The lease</p><br>
<p>itself carries historical significance. Alexander Hamilton, who was Stephen Van</p><br>
<p>Rensselaer&#39;s brother-in-law, designed a lease that bound the new tenants</p><br>
<p>permanently to the estate, thereby adroitly sidestepping the issue of</p><br>
<p>feudalism, which had been outlawed in New York State in 1782. The 1790 “Indenture” which originally created</p><br>
<p>the Craver Farmstead, was such an agreement. Under the terms of the lease, the</p><br>
<p>tenant had to pay all taxes, and was to use the land for agricultural purposes</p><br>
<p>only. The patroon reserved to himself timber, water and mineral rights, and had</p><br>
<p>the right to enter the tenant&#39;s property to exploit those resources. The tenant</p><br>
<p>couldn&#39;t sell his property, but only the lease, to another. If he wished to sell the "quarter sale</p><br>
<p>clause" restricted the tenant further, by Van Rensselaer having the option</p><br>
<p>of collecting one-fourth of the sale price or taking full title to the property</p><br>
<p>by paying three-quarters of the market price.</p><br>
<p>In the 1790 lease The Millers agreed to a yearly rent of 24 1/2</p><br>
<p>skipples of winter wheat, four fat fowls, and one day&#39;s service with carriage and</p><br>
<p>horses, due on January first of each year.</p><br>
<p>By 1797 the</p><br>
<p>original leased property had been transferred to and divided into two 112.5</p><br>
<p>acre parcels by William and Henry Coon,</p><br>
<p>the Craver farmstead standing on the</p><br>
<p>William Coon portion. On November 6, 1841, Elizabeth Craver, having inherited the property</p><br>
<p>from her late husband, William Coon, for consideration of $50, signed over her interest in the farm</p><br>
<p>to her son John W. Craver (she had been remarried to William Craver in 1799), whose family</p><br>
<p>owned the Craver farmstead longer than any other tenant or owner.</p><br>
<h3>The Craver Years</h3><br>
<p>John W.</p><br>
<p>Craver was born in Rensselaer County,</p><br>
<p>New York on March 6, 1801, and resided in the Craver farmhouse his entire</p><br>
<p>life. By 1830 Craver, had married and together</p><br>
<p>with his wife Catharine, had two daughters, Almira and Emily, who grew up on</p><br>
<p>the Craver Farmstead. By 1855, New York</p><br>
<p>State Census records indicate that Craver was the 54-year-old head of a six-member family. On April 3, 1855, during</p><br>
<p>the first annual Clinton (now East Greenbush) Town Meeting, held at the home of</p><br>
<p>William R. DeFreest, Craver was elected as an "Overseer of the Poor".</p><br>
<p>Overseers of the Poor were</p><br>
<p>responsible for assisting people in need, supervising admissions to the Poor House, and</p><br>
<p>certifying that freed slaves were</p><br>
<p>capable of caring for themselves.</p><br>
<p>By 1875,</p><br>
<p>Craver was a widower, 74 years old, and farmed 112 acres, 90 of which were</p><br>
<p>improved, 29 plowed, 24 pasture, and 20 meadow.</p><br>
<p>Craver produced hay, oats, rye, corn and potatoes. He cultivated 150 apple and 100 pear trees</p><br>
<p>(the descendants of which are in evidence today) and strawberries. He raised</p><br>
<p>livestock, including cattle, horses, poultry and pigs. Craver Farmstead produce</p><br>
<p>included butter, eggs, pork, and cider.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, on only 90 acres of improved farmland, Craver had grown 16</p><br>
<p>acres of oats, 4 of Indian corn, 16 of winter rye, and 8 of potatoes, which</p><br>
<p>yielded 400 bushels of oats, 75 of corn, 190 of rye, and 750 of potatoes. His 24 acres of pasture accounted for 50 tons</p><br>
<p>of hay. Additionally, 150 apple and 100 pear trees yielded 200 and 30 bushels</p><br>
<p>of fruit, respectively. Farm production included 500 pounds of butter, 400</p><br>
<p>gallons of milk, 1200 pounds of pork, 8 barrels of cider, and $15 worth of eggs</p><br>
<p>sold. Craver valued his farm at $12000, and the farmstead at $1500. Additional</p><br>
<p>children included Albus, Sylvester, Caroline, Catherine, and Elizabeth. Upon</p><br>
<p>John W. Craver&#39;s death on January IS, 1888, intestate, ownership of the Craver</p><br>
<p>farmstead was assumed by Albus, who, on March 6, 1896, passed the property on</p><br>
<p>to his son, Irwin Craver. On April 15, 1929, Irwin died, and willed the property</p><br>
<p>to his surviving wife, Cylvie A. Craver, who sold the Craver farmstead and</p><br>
<p>acreage in 1942.</p><br>
<p>The Craver Farmstead was accepted for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The John Carner Jr. House is a historic house located at 1310 Best Road in East Greenbush, Rensselaer County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in about 1800 and is a two-story, five-bay wide, two-bay deep, heavy timber-framed dwelling designed in the Federal style. It is sheathed in clapboards and is topped by a medium pitched gable roof. It has a two-story rear kitchen wing, believed to be an earlier structure incorporated into the newly built house. It was last modified in the 1930s. Also on the property is a contributing three-bay English barn, two smaller barns, a potting shed, a corn crib, and a well house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 16, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The David Mathews House, also known as the State Line House, is a historic house straddling the state line on New York State Route 67 and Vermont Route 67 in Hoosick, New York and Shaftsbury, Vermont. Built about 1800, it is an imposing brick example of Federal architecture. The building is the subject of a number of tales, some of dubious authenticity. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mathews House stands on the north side of NY/VT Route 67, just west of State Line Road in southwestern Shaftsbury and northeast of Walloomsac, New York. The house is a three-story, five bay wide, brick Federal style dwelling with a gable roof. It features pattern brick bonding, laid in a modified Flemish pattern, and a full Doric order frieze and cornice. As built, its main facade was originally to the north, but it has essentially identical northern and southern entrances, set in round-arch openings with fanlights above and flanking sidelights. The interior retains much original woodwork, including paneling, fireplace surrounds, and moulded door surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1800 by David Mathews, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, and has a significant number of unusual high-style Federal period features for what was then (and is still now) a fairly remote rural setting. Mathews served in the Continental Army, although he has been described as having been a Loyalist who served with the British. One apocryphal story associated with the house is that, during the war, Mathews stole some 3,000 gold coins from Friedrich Baum, a Hessian serving with the British Army during the Revolutionary War, and buried them in the house&#39;s basement; as the house was built somewhat later, it is almost certainly false. The building saw use in the 19th century as a tavern, occasionally hosting judicial proceedings. Its position on the state line, it was said, made it impossible for a New York judge to convict a defendant on the Vermont side of the house.</p><br>
<p>Tibbits House, also known as Tibbits Hall, is a historic home located at Hoosick in Rensselaer County, New York. The house was built about 1860 and -story, rectangular Gothic Revival–style building. It is constructed of cut ashlar sandstone blocks and has steeply pitched gable roofs covered with fishscale slate. It features projecting porches, bay windows, changes of rooflines, dormers, chimneys, and two towers. The existing house on the property was originally owned by USA Congressman George Tibbits ; his son George Mortimer Tibbets  built the Tibbits House. At the time the property was bought by the Tibbets it was the location of a wooden house built before the Revolution by a Loyalist named Pfister. The Tibbits estate was a stop on the Underground Railroad. The building was acquired by the Hoosac School in 1952 and is used as a dormitory, classrooms, and for administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District is a historic stamp mill  located on M-26 near Torch Lake, just east of Mason in Osceola Township. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Original stamp mill (1860 - 1888)</h2><br>
<p>The original Quincy Stamp Mill was built in 1860 on Portage Lake This facility, however, dumped an enormous amount of sand tailings into the lake, and the sand soon threatened to encroach on the navigable channel of the lake. and eventually filed suit against the Quincy Mine for dumping in Portage Lake.</p><br>
<p>Stamp mills require a large amount of water to operate, and so are invariably located near a large body of water; this limited the range of sites in which a new mill could be placed. After some analysis, the Quincy management decided on Torch Lake as the site for the new mill and purchased 300 acres on the shore, some six miles east of the previous location.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of stamp mill (1888 - 1894)</h2><br>
<p>Work began on the new stamp mill in 1888. In 1889, six substantial frame buildings were constructed on site, as well as a railway connecting the stamp mill to the mine, and stamping equipment was installed. The pump and boiler house were located on the south side of the roadway that is now M-26. An elevated conduit carried water and steam over the road to the mill, and handling facilities were built at the dock. The facility was completed and opened for milling in 1890. The site originally had two stamps; a third was added immediately after opening, and two more were added in 1892.</p><br>
<p>More structures were added to the site over time, beginning with extensions to the dock in 1890 and 1891, an addition to the boiler house in 1891, and additions to the mill in 1891 and 1892. In all, the Quinct Mine spent $457,000 between 1888 and 1894 in constructing and equipping their new mill site, of which $182,000 went to the mill and its stamping equipment.</p><br>
<h2>Second mill and additions (1894 - 1922)</h2><br>
<p>However, as early as 1894, mine production oustripped the capacity of the mill, and a new mill was planned.</p><br>
<p>The second stamp mill was built just north of the first; It was constructed in 1899 by the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company at a cost of $22,450. Over the next two decades, minor alterations were made to the structures of the complex (including the erection of a new 175-foot smokestack for the boilerhouse in 1916) while the milling process and machinery were continuously refined.</p><br>
<p>However, the rise in the price of copper during World War I provided both impetus and resources for expansion of the site. Reinforced concrete and brick additions to both stamp mills were constructed in 1919; the addition to mill no. 1 was 123 feet by 215 feet, and the addition to mill no. 2 was 91 feet by 132 feet. Construction on the new building, a brick structure measuring 36 feet by 38 feet by 45 feet high, began in 1921; the turbine was online in 1923.</p><br>
<h2>Decline (1922 - present)</h2><br>
<p>However, the mill began to decline after the end of the war. In 1922, the second mill was closed. However, the Great Depression hit the mining industry hard, and the Quincy Mine closed in 1931, shuttering the Stamp Mills.</p><br>
<p>As the Depression wound onward, copper prices rebounded, and the mine and mills were refurbished in late 1937 and re-opened on a limited scale in early 1938. However, the mine was only barely profitable, and after World War II ended, and with it the price guarantees from the federal government, the mine and stamp mills closed permanently.</p><br>
<p>Mill number two was demolished early, as well as the original portions of mill number one, but the later additions to mill number one remain.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>The Quincy Dredge Number Two  is a dredge currently sunk in shallow water in Torch Lake, across M-26 from the Quincy Mining Company Stamp Mills Historic District and just east of Mason in Osceola Township. It was constructed to reclaim stamping sand from the lake for further processing, and was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Reclaiming Sand Dredge was constructed for the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company in 1914 by the Bucyrus Company of South Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and designated the Calumet and Hecla Dredge Number One. The dredged sand contained copper that earlier stamping technology had not been able to separate out. Improvements in stamping efficiency and cost increases in traditional shaft mining made these sand tailings economically feasible to reclaim and re-stamp.</p><br>
<p>Calumet and Hecla used the dredge at their Lake Linden Reclamation Plant until 1951. The mine&#39;s Quincy Dredge Number One sank in 1956, and Dredge Number Two was used until 1967, when it too sank during a winter lay-up. By this time, copper prices had fallen low enough that the reclamation process was not profitable, and the Quincy Mine abandoned both the dredge and its reclamation facility.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The dredge is a large, box-like vessel that was used to remove sand from the bottom of the lake. The vessel has a steel hull measuring 110 ft long, 56 ft wide, and 9 ft deep. The decking overhangs the hull by 8 ft per side, giving an overall width of 72 ft. The dredge could process over 10,000 ST of sand per day, and had a 141 ft suction pipe that could work in 115 ft of water.</p><br>
<p>The dredge is currently sunk in shallow water, and canted over to one side. Most of the superstructure and the large boom are visible above the waterline.</p><br>
<p>Belvoir, also known as the Saffold Plantation, is a historic plantation and plantation house near Pleasant Hill, Alabama, United States. The Greek Revival-style house features a Carolina-type, hexastyle portico with Doric columns. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 2, 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Belvoir was established as a cotton plantation in 1825 by Reuben Saffold II. Saffold was born on September 4, 1788 in Wilkes County, Georgia. He was educated there and began a law practice in Watkinsville, Georgia. He married Mary Evelyn Phillips, of Morgan County, in 1811. The couple would eventually have 12 children together. They relocated to Clarke County, Mississippi Territory in 1813, where he participated in the Creek War in 1813-14. Saffold served in the legislature of the Alabama Territory in 1818. He participated in the Constitutional Convention and became an Alabama circuit judge in 1819. He established his plantation, which he named Belvoir, in rural Dallas County, Alabama in 1825. Belvoir translates roughly from French to English as "beautiful to see." He remained a circuit judge until 1832, when he was appointed to the Alabama Supreme Court. He served as Chief Justice from 1834 until 1836.</p><br>
<p>Although the plantation at Belvoir was established in 1825, the construction date for the current main house is unclear. It is known that the Saffolds were still living in a large hewn log house in 1838, when English naturalist, Philip Henry Gosse, was serving as a teacher for the Saffolds and other area children. Some of his experiences at Belvoir, including his negative impressions of slavery, were later published in his book, Letters from Alabama: Chiefly Relating to Natural History. Family records indicate that the current main house was built prior to the death of Saffold on February 15, 1847.</p><br>
<p>Belvoir changed hands several times following the American Civil War, with cotton production giving way to cattle farming by the mid-20th century. The Mason family from Birmingham used it and the surrounding 500 acre as a hunting lodge until it was bought by the McQueen family, relatives of the Masons, for $50,000 during the 1960s. The house was in a state of disrepair by the late 1990s, when it was added as a "Place in Peril" by the Alabama Historical Commission. The McQueens declined several purchase offers from people that they felt weren&#39;t particularly interested in restoring the house, until meeting the Collias family from Boston. Following their purchase of the house, the Colliases restored the house to a good state of preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St Peter in Marksbury, Somerset, England dates from the 12th century, although most of the current fabric is from the 15th century and is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The nave has two 2-light windows under hood moulds flanking a blocked, moulded round-headed door under a plaque dated 1627. The buttressed, off-centre chancel, which is out of line with the nave, has a three-light east window from 1875, which was also when the chancel arch and chancel roof were replaced. The organ chamber was built in 1893. The altar is a Jacobean oak table by Francis Leyborne Popham who died in 1880. A second altar table, which was previously in the church at Stanton Prior, was placed in the tower. The font is Norman.</p><br>
<p>The three stage tower is supported by diagonal buttresses to the first stage, a canted stair turret in the return of tower and nave and a very small west door with a canted flat arch under a two-light, chamfered mullion window dating from 1634. The second stage has a cusped two-light window with heavy louvres to the north, a blocked single light to the east and two-light chamfered, vaguely pointed windows south and west. The third stage has one large, round headed window with raised architrave and louvres on each side, thin, embattled parapet dominated by four pyramidal pinnacles with vanes. The spikes above the tower angles were added in the 18th century. The four bells in the tower in 1782 were sent to the Bilbie family of Chew Stoke to be recast and additional metal added to make a set of six bells. The tenor bell was cracked in 1820 and recast in London. In the early 20th century a new roof was put on the tower and the bells rehung.</p><br>
<p>There are several monuments in the chancel including those to Counsell, 1671, and Wadden, 1682. In the nave is a monument to Boulter 1782, by Brewer of Box. Reverend William Counsell was the rector (1662&ndash;74). One of the stained glass windows is a memorial to a local resident who lost her life in Great Flood of 1968 when the River Chew flooded.</p><br>
<p>An unidentified monument in the churchyard is also listed by English Heritage. Joseph Harding who was responsible for the introduction of modern cheese making techniques and has been described as the "father of Cheddar cheese" is buried in the churchyard and there is a memorial plaque to his memory in the anve which was moved from the Methodist chapel.</p><br>
<p>The Onondaga County Savings Bank was chartered in 1855 in Syracuse, New York. It was a franchise ahead of its time and had four separate branches by the late 19th century. The Onondaga County Savings Bank Building was constructed in 1896 adjacent to the Erie Canal in Clinton Square.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the bank shortened its name to Onondaga Savings Bank and in 1987 it changed again to OnBank.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Onondaga County Savings Bank was first founded in 1855, it was located in the Gridley Building. After the bank outgrew the space, the Syracuse House, an early hotel, was torn down in 1896 for construction of a new building which was completed in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The Onondaga County Savings Bank Building is located at 113 South Salina Street and is a prominent historic building on Clinton Square and Hanover Square in Syracuse, New York. It is adjacent to where the Erie Canal formerly ran.</p><br>
<p>It is a contributing building in the Hanover Square Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, OnBank was acquired by M&T Bank which began as Manufacturers & Trader&#39;s Trust in 1856, only four years before this building was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Üçayaklı ruins are in Mersin Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Üçayaklı ruins are on the plateau at the south of Toros Mountains with an altitude of 1,160 m between two Turkmen villages named Küstülü and Hüsametli in Erdemli district of Mersin Province. Although the site is in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey, bird&#39;s flight distance to Mediterranean coast is 20 km and highway distance to the main highway at the coast is 25 km. The total distance to Erdemli is about 30 km and to Mersin is about 65 km.</p><br>
<h2>The ruins</h2><br>
<p>The ruins are composed of two houses and a cistern. The big house is a two- or three-storey building with balconies and wide windows on the second floor. The building was a villa rustica during the Byzantine Empire period. The stone walls, interior coving and blind vaults as well as corbels to support the balconies survive. But the ceiling and floor structures which were wooden have been demolished. There is a wide downspout which leads the rain water to a cistern at the back of the house. (In the Mediterranean area such cisterns were common during the Roman times). One of the balconies was a toilet room with sewage drain. There is also a smaller house at the back which was probably a service building of the villa.</p><br>
<p>Henry Tunis Smith Farm, also known as the Middlebrook Farm, is a historic farmhouse located at Nassau in Rensselaer County, New York. The house was built in 1789 in the Federal style. It consists of a -story main block, five bays wide, with a 1-story, three-bay wing. The front facade features a finely detailed frieze.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The house sits on a historic property that traces back to the 17th century Dutch estate "Rensselaerswyck".</p><br>
<p>Rensselaerswyck was a Dutch estate of approximately 1,200 sq. miles comprising the present Albany, Columbia and Rensselaer counties. The Dutch Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer devised a solution to sustain the financial viability of the land without selling it. He divided the estate into parcels and granted tenants perpetual leases at moderate rates of about one percent of the land&#39;s output. Eventually, about 900 farms of 150 acres were established. The solution greatly increased the productivity for the land and generated large economic benefit for the entire Albany area.</p><br>
<p>The current farm property includes the original parcel leased from Van Rensselaer.</p><br>
<p>The Stone House, Manassas National Battlefield Park, is a two-story, stone structure in Prince William County, Virginia. It was built as a stop on the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike in 1848, but it achieved its main significance during the American Civil War, when it served as a hospital during the First and Second Battles of Manassas. Today it is owned by the National Park Service as a contributing property to the Manassas National Battlefield Park, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>The land on which the Stone House was built was settled during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Wormeley Carter, of Virginia, received the land that would become the Stone House tract from his father in 1801, but by the time of his death in 1805, he had sold off much of his land, which by that point had been reduced to just over 1,900 acres. The Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike Company was formed in 1808 with the hope of constructing a road that would stretch 28 miles from Fairfax Court House to Fauquier Court House, both in Virginia. The Company hoped the road would help Alexandria, Virginia, compete with Fredericksburg, Virginia, for trade with Fauquier Court House. Six toll gates were located along the route, each about five miles apart. Once the construction began in 1812, it would take a total of sixteen years for the road to reach all the way to Fauquier Court House, which by then was known as Warrenton. Built in 1848, its early years were spent as the home of farmer Henry P. Matthew and his family, who harvested the peaceful Virginia countryside surrounding the property. All that would change in 1861, though, when fighting broke out so close to the house it was peppered with shot and shell throughout the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. The two-story structure did not go unused however. With its strong stone walls, a well in the yard and close proximity to the road back to Washington, D.C., it was the ideal site for treating the wounded, of which there were many. The ten hours of heavy fighting during the first battle on July 21, 1861 resulted in more than 2,700 injured soldiers. And the second battle, lasting three days in August 1862, left many more thousands from both sides wounded. Mostly under Confederate control for both battles, it was a hub of activity for surgeons and other medical personnel as they tried to save the dying.</p><br>
<p>It was soon realized that stops along the Warrenton Turnpike would be needed. Wormeley&#39;s son Thomas Otway Carter inherited the tract but there is little indication he added anything to it. The first record of the existence of a structure on the property appeared on a tax return for the year 1830, after Thomas Carter had sold 148 acres of land and the house on it to John Lee in 1828. Although no physical descriptions of the Stone House as it appeared at this point exist, it is known that a woman named Mary "Polly" Clark operated a wagon stand at the toll gate there. Travelers who stopped at the Stone House would have been required to pay a toll, and likely also were able to receive food, drink, and possibly lodging.</p><br>
<p>As the century progressed, the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike Company’s fortune began to dwindle. John Lee died in 1848 and land was bequeathed to Thomas O. Clark, son of Polly Clark. Tax records in 1849 show a significant jump in the value of Clark’s property to $500, suggesting the construction of a substantial house. This, coupled with an authoritative statement by Arthur Lee Henry identifying Thomas O. Carter as the builder of the Stone House, indicates the Stone House was built in 1848. In 1850 the Clarke family sold the property to Henry P. Matthew, who intended to farm the land since it was being used less and less as a stop on the turnpike each year due to competition from the railroads. For the next decade Matthews and his family would live in the Stone House and harvest its land.</p><br>
<h2>First Battle of Manassas</h2><br>
<p>During the Battle of First Manassas, which occurred on July 21, 1861, Union commander Irvin McDowell planned to flank the Confederate position along Bull Run, which would bring the fighting extremely close to the vicinity of the Stone House. As the battle progressed, a Confederate force that had taken position on Matthews Hill, north of Stone House, was driven back by advancing Federals. The Union force that captured the Stone House area, though, quickly came under fire from Confederate artillery, and coupled with the fact that they were outnumbered by nearby Confederates, the Union troops had to fall back from the house. As the battle wore, on, however, the Stone House came under Union control once again.</p><br>
<p>Between 10 AM and 12 noon, ten Union and six Confederate regiments clashed in the vicinity of the Stone House. As a result, 1,054 men were wounded during those two hours of fighting. Although the battle eventually shifted away from the Stone House, the property’s importance did not diminish. Surgeons and Northern soldiers soon began to seek refuge inside the house. Because the building had strong stone walls, a well in the yard, and was close to the main road back to the hospitals of Washington, D.C, it was an ideal site for a hospital. The Stone House began to fill quickly with soldiers seeking a reprise from the fight. One Union officer noted the muddy dirt floor of the cellar was covered with soldiers. Colonel John S. Slocum, wounded mortally as he led the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry, was carried to the house and treated by Surgeon James Harris of the 1st Rhode Island Infantry. Dr. Harris remained on duty at the Stone House after the retreat and was found there with 21 wounded Union soldiers. The next day, according to an informant, the scene there remained a grisly one: “In this building were 32 wounded, many of them dreadfully mangled by cannon shot. There was but a single surgeon, and he was young and apparently inefficient. Men lay on the floor with their clotted wounds still undressed. Some had died and not been removed…”</p><br>
<p>Throughout the rest of the day, the house was constantly under fire as the battle raged on nearby, with some projectiles entering the house and supposedly further wounding a few soldiers. Two flags were placed in the windows of the house to try and identify it as a hospital, but this did not slow down the fire that constantly peppered the structure. The well outside the Stone House served as a continuous comfort to soldiers on both sides as the fight wore on. As the Union line crumbled toward the end of the battle and the Northern Army found itself retreating from the area, the house came under Confederate control once again, and continued to serve as a hospital throughout the rest of the afternoon. After Confederate forces recaptured the house, they found a large number of wounded Union troops, some dead, and 36 men who surrendered as prisoners. Around 100 arms were also found in the house.</p><br>
<p>After the end of fighting, the Stone House continued to be a scene of continued activity. Since it was one of the few buildings on the battlefield located on a major road, it was a busy hospital. A traveler passing by the house commented that the filth inside was so disgusting that he was not capable of staying long. Other visitors to the building noted there were men who had still not been attended to even many days after the battle ended. Eventually, the wounded inside the house were likely taken to Richmond as prisoners of war. Confederate forces continued to occupy the house until March 1862. It is not known whether Henry Matthews and his wife returned to their home before it was caught in a maelstrom once again.</p><br>
<h2>Second Battle of Manassas</h2><br>
<p>In the days leading up to the Second Battle of Manassas, which took place between August 28 and 30, 1862, passing troops would have seen the house as they took their positions on the old and new battlefield. On the 30th of August, Union General Pope, with his army of about 65,000, was massed in the area of the Stone House and the Dogan House. Once the fighting began, the Stone House was quickly converted to a hospital once again. As one unit charged past the Stone House toward Matthews Hill, they found many wounded and dead, as well as thirty-six men who had sought safety behind the massive stone walls. Federal surgeons marked the building with a flag and treated the wounded throughout the first day of the battle.</p><br>
<p>On the second day of battle the house continued to serve as a hospital. Some Union troops also buried their men in the yard of the Stone House. Two members of the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, Privates Charles E. Brehm, age 21, and Eugene P. Geer, age 17, arrived at the Stone House after being wounded late in the battle, and were taken to an upstairs room. At some point during their stay, both men carved their names into the floorboards of the room they were in. Brehm’s carving appears as “Brehm Aug 30”, and Geer, unable to complete his last name, left the carving “E.P. Ge.” Brehm survived the war and lived until 1909; Geer did not live to see the end of 1862. The carvings can still be seen to this day</p><br>
<p>Like the previous battle, the Stone House was under Confederate control at the battle&#39;s conclusion, but unlike the previous year, the captured Union troops in the house were not taken prisoner, but instead paroled. Many of the other Union prisoners on various parts of the battlefield were also taken to the Stone house to be paroled. Five days after the battle began, on September 2, the last ambulance left the Stone House, and the building had seen its last action of the war.</p><br>
<h2>After the war</h2><br>
<p>It is unsure when the Matthews family returned to their home, but in October 1865, it and the adjacent land were sold to Mary Starbuck. After the Civil War, the tolls from the travelling public provided revenue for its maintenance and the profits of its owners. In 1879 the land was deeded to George Starbuck and his wife Meribah. Two years later the house was sold to Benson Pridemore. The Pridemores partitioned some upper rooms to make room for their children. This was the first major structural change made to the Stone House. Mr. Pridemore also added a front porch, a picket fence, and a barn to the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, following the death of Pridemore, the property was sold to Henry. J. Ayres. In 1904 Ayers added a kitchen and a large back porch to the house. Twentieth century visitors to the battlefield often remember George Ayers as a bright eyed, slender man, usually dressed in riding boots and breeches. Ayers loved horses and dogs, especially colts and bloodhounds. For 45 years he was able to look from the Stone House at the long northwest slope that soldiers had charged on July 21, 1861. Following the death of Ayers, the house passed into the possession of his son, George, in 1912. Photographic evidence indicates that artillery shells were put into the exterior walls sometime after 1912. Presumably, the artillery shells were placed where the masonry had been damaged during the Civil War. It is likely that George Ayers placed the projectiles in the house. In 1949, the Stone House was sold to the United States Government. Two major renovation projects took place since then, including re-roofing the structure and installing new electrical and plumbing systems.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Although the Stone House is unoccupied today, various tours and interpretive programs take place there as a part of Manassas National Battlefield Park.</p><br>
<p>The Siemer House was located on Lot 1, Block 17 of the original town of Davenport, Iowa, United States, which today is the west side of downtown. It was also a part of the West Third Street Historic District. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The building deteriorated and it was torn down in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>J.C.F Siemer was a brick mason who immigrated to Davenport from the German states of Schleswig-Holstein. He arrived here in the 1850s, which was a period of significant Germann immigration. The house is attributed to him and was constructed in 1865. The building has had various owners and occupants over the years. In the latter part of its existence it was divided into apartments and then became part of a used car lot.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Siemer House was a two-story brick building on a stone foundation. This late Victorian structure featured details that evoked the Italianate style: a bracketed metal cornice, tall, narrow profile of the fenestration, and the centralized entrance. The windows were symmetrically placed on the façade with five on the second floor and two flanking the entrance. The windows were surrounded by small wooden headers and sills. It was originally built as a single-story structure, with the date of the second story addition by the original builder and owner unknown. Another addition onto the rear of the house added a kitchen on the first floor and a porch on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Hebert House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louis Hebert was a bricklayer and may have built this house himself. The Hebert family continued to live here until 1898. Joseph Herbert was the city clerk in the 1890s and was the last family member to reside in this house. This house was built during Davenport&#39;s first major growth period and is typical of the architecture built in the city in the 1850s and 1860s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, brick house was built in a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style. The full porch on the front has subsequently been removed.</p><br>
<p>Budki Nadi , sometimes called the Budki torrent, is a seasonal, monsoon-driven rivulet in the Indian state of Punjab.</p><br>
<p>It begins in the Shivalik Hills of the lower Himalayas and flows in a southwest direction to eventually join the Sutlej River.</p><br>
<h2>Sugh Rao stream</h2><br>
<p>The Sugh Rao stream, also called the Sugh torrent, is another monsoonal rivulet that is a tributary of the Budki Nadi.</p><br>
<h2>Budki superpassage</h2><br>
<p>When the Sirhind Canal was constructed in 1882 to better spread the waters of the Sutlej, its path cut across that of the Budki Nadi. An elevated "superpassage" was built to ensure continued uninterrupted passage to the flood torrent of the Budki Nadi, which at this stage combines the waters of both the Budki Nadi and its Sugh Rao tributary torrent.</p><br>
<p>Dibsi Faraj is an archaeological site on the right bank of the Euphrates in Aleppo Governorate . The site was excavated as part of a larger international effort coordinated by UNESCO to excavate as many archaeological sites as possible in the area that would be flooded by the reservoir created by the Tabqa Dam, which was being built at that time. An initial, small archaeological sounding was done at Dibsi Faraj by the Syrian Department of Antiquities in 1971. Following this investigation, the site was excavated between 1972 and 1974 as part of a joint operation of the Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies and the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan under the direction of Richard P. Harper. Since then, the site has disappeared under the rising waters of Lake Assad, the reservoir created by the Tabqa Dam.</p><br>
<p>The excavations revealed that the site was occupied between the first and tenth century CE. During this period, the site developed from a Roman village during the first century to a third-century heavily fortified urban settlement that was extensively modified during the early Byzantine period. The excavations revealed that the site was largely abandoned during the Early Islamic period, probably after an earthquake in 859 CE caused much destruction.</p><br>
<p>Dibsi Faraj was strategically located on a hilltop overlooking agricultural fields and grazing grounds. The site consisted of an upper town of 5 hectare where the oldest traces of settlement were found, and a lower town of 20 hectare. In the upper town, houses were limited to the eastern part of the site. In the western part, several public buildings were excavated, including a public bath, a Christian basilica and a principia or military headquarters. The upper town was surrounded by a stone wall with towers and four gates. These walls were constructed during the reign of Emperor Diocletian at the end of the third century and refurbished during the fifth century. Excavations beyond the walls uncovered a house in the lower town, an earth wall surrounding it and a second basilica.</p><br>
<p>The ancient names of Dibsi Faraj are not known with certainty. The proposal that places Thapsacus at Dibsi Faraj does not find much support in the scientific community. By combining different sources, most scholars agree that Dibsi Faraj should be identified with Athis during the Early Roman occupation of the site. During the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods, the site was probably known as Neocaesarea. The name of Dibsi Faraj after the Umayyad takeover, Qasrin, is certain as it is connected to a canal constructed during that time which could still be identified at the time of the excavation.</p><br>
<p>Tell Fray is a tell, or settlement mound, on the east bank of the Euphrates in Raqqa Governorate, northern Syria. The archaeological site takes its name from an ancient irrigation canal, hence Fray or Little Euphrates. It was excavated in 1972 and 1973 as a joint Syrian–Italian operation under the direction of Adnan Bounni of the Syrian Service of Archaeological Excavations and Paolo Matthiae, the excavator of Ebla. The operation was part of the UNESCO-coordinated international effort to excavate as many sites as possible in the area that would be flooded by the reservoir of the Tabqa Dam, which was being constructed at that time. Tell Fray disappeared under the rising waters of Lake Assad in 1974. The site was destroyed by fire in the 13th century BCE, probably by the Middle Assyrian kings Shalmaneser I or Tukulti-Ninurta I, when the Assyrians conquered this area. Based on the cuneiform texts found in Tell Fray and elsewhere, it has been proposed that the name of the ancient site was either Yakharisha or Shaparu.</p><br>
<p>Pebble Hill Plantation is a plantation and museum located near Thomasville, Georgia. The plantation is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation was established in the 1820s, when Thomas Jefferson Johnson built the first house. After his death, the plantation was inherited by his daughter, Julia Ann, and her husband, John H. Mitchell. They hired English architect John Wind to design a new mansion. They grew cotton, tobacco and rice.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was purchased by Thomas Melville Hanna in 1896. It was passed on to his daughter Kate in 1901, who turned it into a hunting estate. After the main house burned down in 1934, architect Abram Garfield designed the new mansion, completed in 1936. After Kate&#39;s death, the plantation was inherited by her daughter, Elizabeth "Pansy" Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Through the Pebble Peach Foundation endowed by Pansy Ireland, the plantation is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Bergsøya is an island in Gjemnes Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The island is located near the junctions of the Freifjorden, Kvernesfjorden, and Tingvollfjorden. The highest point on the 8.7 km&sup2; island is the 278 m tall mountain Varden.</p><br>
<p>The island is connected to Kristiansund Municipality (to the north) and the mainland part of Gjemnes Municipality by the Krifast network (a network of 2 bridges and 1 undersea tunnel). It is connected to the mainland in the west by the Gjemnessund Bridge, to the island of Frei (and Kristiansund) to the north by the Freifjord Tunnel, and to the island of Aspøya in Tingvoll Municipality to the east by the Bergsøysund Bridge. The European route E39 highway runs across the island via the two bridges and Norwegian National Road 70 runs across the island and into the Freifjord Tunnel.</p><br>
<p>Knickerbocker Mansion is a historic home located at Schaghticoke in Rensselaer County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The property was occupied by the Knickerbocker family for nearly 250 years, from about 1707 until 1946. The mansion was built by Johannes Knickerbacker III around 1770. It was acquired in 1964 by the Knickerbocker Historical Society and is operated as a local history museum. The Knickerbocker Historical Society (KHS) have almost entirely restored the mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Knickerbocker Mansion grounds were the location of the “Witenagemot Oak,” planted in 1676 to commemorate the signing of a treaty between New York governor Edmund Andros and the local Mahican people and native refugees from King Phillip&#39;s War. The oak stood until 1948.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1770 and is a -story, rectangular brick building. It has a hipped roof, covered in slate, that curves slightly at the eaves. The front facade once featured a one-bay, pedimented entrance portico.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Goering House was a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The house has subsequently been torn down and the location is now a parking lot for Palmer College of Chiropractic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jacob Goering was an early labor organizer in Davenport who was involved in more militant national union efforts. He worked at the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad shops, and was a leader in the railroad strike of 1877. When placed on the National Register of Historic Places it was one of a few buildings left in Davenport that reflected the city’s major social movements of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Goering house exemplified a popular and distinctive house type in 19th century Davenport, a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style. It was a two-story, three bay, brick, front gable house with an oculus in the gable end. The Greek Revival entrance and four-paneled door that was framed by sidelights and a transom was a distinguishing feature of this house from other examples in this style.</p><br>
<p>Redstone Creek is a historically important widemouthed canoe and river boat-navigable brook-sized tributary stream of the Monongahela River in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The creek is 28.4 mi long, running from headwaters on Chestnut Ridge north through the city of Uniontown and reaching the Monongahela at Brownsville. Located in a 1/4-mile-wide valley with low streambanks, the site was ideal for ship building in a region geologically most often characterized by steep-plunging relatively inaccessible banks — wide enough to launch and float several large boats, and indeed steamboats after 1811, and slow-moving enough to provide good docks and parking places while craft were outfitting.</p><br>
<p>Brownsville, at the mouth of Redstone Creek, was a dynamic industrial town that eclipsed Pittsburgh in size before the 1850s. It was the center for a dynamic watercraft building industry, including the first paddlewheel steamboats on the vast network of inland rivers to reach New Orleans and, later, the upper navigable part of the Missouri. Flatboat construction is documented at the site from 1782, and the Braddock Expedition established a supply base (blockhouse) on the stream&#39;s south bank which the French destroyed after first taking Fort Necessity in 1754. The creek hosting this important activity played a critical role in the transshipment of goods and settlers in the Mississippi Basin, as it enabled the other industries in and around Brownsville to outfit and equip the settlers headed west.</p><br>
<p>Nestled in the foothills on the west side of the mountains, Brownsville was a gateway funneling settlers to the Ohio Country, the lands of the Louisiana Territory, and did so until well after 1853, when railroads reached the Missouri River at Kanesville, Iowa (one Emigrant Trails destination of the town&#39;s flatboats), the far west and the Oregon Country for the town astride the shortest, if not the easiest, land route across the great barrier to east-west traffic presented by the Allegheny Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first Europeans arrived in the 1710s as traders. Michael Bezallion was the first to describe the forks of the Ohio in a manuscript in 1717, and later that year European traders established posts and settlements in the area.</p><br>
<p>Europeans first began to settle in the region in 1748, when the first Ohio Company, an English land speculation company, won a grant of 200,000 acre in the upper Ohio Valley. From a post at present-day Cumberland, Maryland, the company began to construct an 80 mi wagon road to the Monongahela River employing a Delaware Indian chief named Nemacolin and a party of settlers headed by Capt. Michael Cresap to begin widening the track into a road following mostly the same route as an ancient Indian trailtitle=The frontier forts of western Pennsylvaniaauthors=Commission members: Thomas Lynch Montgomery, Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Richards, John M. Buckalew, George Dallas Albert, Sheldon Reynolds, Jay Gilfillan Weiser; compiled by George Dallas Albertothers=W.S. Ray, state printeraccessdate=2010-11-29publisher=Report By the Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvaniapage=382quote=Note: p.382 specifically discusses the "Hanger" fort (literally in French: "storehouse") (merely a blockhouse) site on Redstone Creek founded in 1754 vs. the Dunlap Creek site of Fort Burdthe one is on the ford, the other on the bigger (canoe friendly) stream. which is now known as Nemacolin&#39;s Trail. The river crossing and flats at Redstone Creek, the earliest point and shortest distance the choices a wagon road descent could follow (later in the war, fortified as Fort Burd, now Brownsville) was one of several possible destinations.</p><br>
<p>In the 1740s the government purchased (ca. 1744) trans-Allegheny lands from Native American tribes, giving England a competing claim on the lands of the Ohio Basin. Around 1748 the Ohio Company was formed and began explorations and planning of ways and means of exploiting the rights they&#39;d purchased. In 1750, the company hired Chief Nemacolin, a Delaware Indian, and a Virginia farmer and owner of a land grant in West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Crematorium is located in Fairmount Cemetery in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was the first crematorium established in the state of Iowa and one of the oldest in the United States. The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first attempt to established a crematorium in Davenport occurred in 1880, four years after the first crematorium opened in the United States. There was little to show for this effort until 1885 when the Northwestern Cremation Society, later renamed the Davenport Cremation Society, was established. The society sold stock to raise funds and in 1889 commissioned prominent local architect, Frederick G. Clausen, to design a building. The following year they purchased land from the West Davenport Cemetery Association, now known as Fairmount Cemetery. The facility opened in 1891 and the first cremation was that of Otto Kochert on May 15 of that year. The crematorium was the first in the state of Iowa and thirteenth in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the crematorium served not only the city of Davenport, but the needs of the state of Iowa and larger cities such as Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha and Denver. A small addition was made to the west side of the building in 1979 when a second crematory retort was added. Initially, the crematory used coke or hard coal for fuel and it took and hour and a half to complete the process. In later years the facility changed to natural gas and the time it took to complete the cremation process diminished. The building also houses Fairmount Cemetery’s offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1½-story brick structure was designed in the Romanesque Revival style. It rests on a base composed of rubble-squared stone blocks over a partially raised, full basement. A hipped, cross gabled roof tops the building. Its exterior ornamentation is found in the round-arch doorway with stained glass sidelights and transom; lintels and bands created from carved stone; and gables trimmed in stone containing round-arch windows and brick corbelling near the roofline. The main floor of the interior features a chapel, waiting area and office space. The cremation retorts (incinerators) and holding room are in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>Fairmount Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was established as the West Davenport Cemetery in 1881 by stockholders who were mostly of German descent. The first burial in the cemetery was John Dibbern on August 1, 1881. It acquired the name Fairmount Cemetery in 1900. A mausoleum, with 530 crypts, was constructed in 1929. By 2014 the cemetery had performed more than 18,600 burials.</p><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House is a historic farmhouse in Dodge County, Minnesota. Located in Canisteo Township, it is on County Road 15, approximately 8 mi south of Kasson, Minnesota. In 1981, the home remained in the ownership of the grandson and great-grandson of Ole Carlson. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on April 16, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House was both designed and built by Ole Anderson Aasved for his neighbor Ole Carlson, a fellow Norwegian immigrant farmer. Its location on a slight elevation makes the structure very visible. The house is a large, two-story, almost square brick structure, symmetrical in arrangement with a hip roof and roof deck, with a projecting central gabled pavilion. At the time the home was completed, it had a balustrade along the edge of the roof deck, however it is no longer present. In addition to the main house, a small one-story brick addition on the eastern side (rear) houses a summer kitchen. The south foundation includes a datestone with the name "O. A. Aasved" and the date "1880".</p><br>
<p>The design includes elements reminiscent of the Italianate style, which are often found in rural Minnesota farmhouses of the era and used to emphasize verticality. These elements include two-over-two double-hung sash windows in tall rectangular openings with keystone segmental-arch hoods, and hooded double front entrance. Unlike similar houses, conventional eave brackets were never applied to the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The builder, Ole Anderson Aasved, was born in March 1826 near Trondheim, Norway. Raised on a farm, he had almost no formal education, but he sought to educate himself. Aasved was married several times. He married Christiana Anderson in 1849, and the couple had one child, Christiana (later Mrs. Martin Peterson), before his wife died in 1854. Aasved moved to the United States in 1857, and in 1860 he married fellow Norwegian native Ingred Alexson; they had one daughter, Anna, before Alexson died in 1869. He worked in logging Michigan before settling in Minnesota. In 1865 he enlisted in the 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Regiment of the Union Army, but saw no active service and was discharged in the same year.</p><br>
<p>In Minnesota, Aasved accumulated 220 acres of land in adjacent 140 acres and 80 acres parcels. Aasved finished his own residence in 1882 at a cost of $3,000. In 1883 he married a third time, to fellow Norwegian immigrant Benedicka Hanson.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House was selected for placement on the NRHP based on its significance to the agricultural history of the Upper Midwest, its own unique architecture, and as an example of the ethnic settlements of early Norwegian Americans. A county history of 1884 declared that the house was "the best farm house in the county."</p><br>
<p>Lake Beeac, a hypersaline endorheic lake, is located near Colac in the Lakes and Craters region of the Victorian Volcanic Plains of south-west Victoria, in southeastern Australia. The 560 hectare lake is situated about 19 km northeast of Colac, and its high salinity gives it a milky-blue colour. The lake is part of the Ramsar-listed Western District Lakes site, and enjoys international recognition of its wetland values and some protection for its waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Despite its extreme salinity, Lake Beeac supports brine shrimp which in turn feed water birds such as the banded stilt and the red-necked avocet. The lake is an important habitat for wetland water-birds. The lake forms part of the Lake Corangamite Complex Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because it sometimes supports globally important numbers of waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, salt factories were established on the shores of Lake Beeac and other nearby lakes.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Fairfax County Courthouse is one of the oldest buildings in Fairfax, Virginia. It was constructed in 1799 to serve as the seat of government in Fairfax County. During the American Civil War, the first Confederate officer casualty of the war took place on the courthouse grounds, and the building was occupied by both sides in the conflict. Today, the original courthouse building is part of the larger courthouse site that serves the local government of Fairfax County.</p><br>
<h2>The early days of Fairfax County</h2><br>
<p>When Virginia&#39;s county court system was established in 1619, important issues handled by it included determining local tax rates, licensing mills and inns, providing for road construction and repair, and generally administering local government. Fairfax County built its first courthouse in 1742 at a site called "Spring Field", which is near present-day Tysons Corner. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the city of Alexandria, Virginia, had established itself as one of the major ports of the region for coastal and oceangoing ships, and in the year 1752, the courthouse for the Fairfax County court system moved there. In November 1789, realizing the County of Fairfax was in need of a new courthouse building, a legislative petition was arranged in Alexandria. The petition requested the courthouse be placed in the center of Fairfax County, a more convenient location for citizens of the area, in order to promote trade and commerce. Shortly after, the court ordered that the sheriff collect thirty-five cents for each taxable person in Fairfax County to pay for the construction of the new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Businessmen in the vicinity of the proposed site for the new structure were assured its arrival would bring an increase in business to the area. The present location of the courthouse was selected and purchased from Richard Ratcliffe for one dollar. In May 1799, after the land had been laid out by a man named William Payne, the court ordered the construction of a courthouse forty by thirty feet "with sixteen feet pitch with a twelve foot Portico, one (jail) forty feet by twenty…one clerks office twenty four feet by eighteen…and one (jailers) House twenty four feet by eighteen." The jail would have three rooms on the first floor and two on the second, with an addition on the back. The clerk&#39;s office should be "arched over with Slate or Tile," which can be assumed was for fire protection. There was also to be stocks, a pillory and whipping post. Two men, John Bogue and Mungo Dykes were hired as the contractors. The architect of the building was to be James Wren.</p><br>
<h3>James Wren</h3><br>
<p>James Wren was born in King George County, Virginia, in 1728, the son of John and Ann Turner Wren. It was there he learned the skills of carpentry. In 1755 he moved to Truro Parish in Fairfax County, where he served as a justice of the Fairfax County Court. His name appears frequently in the public records of Fairfax County during the eighteenth century. As this century drew to a close, he had earned a reputation as a skilled architect, especially for his work on the Falls Church and Christ Church in Alexandria. Wren was a convert to Methodism, and two of his daughters married Methodist Ministers.( First wife was Catharine Brent who died before 1771) His 2nd wife, Sarah, made arrangements for some of the familys slaves to be freed when they came of age and were educated, and the rest of the Wren family slaves were freed after Sarahs death. Some of the Wren family&#39;s former slaves also accumulated enough wealth that they were able to buy numerous Wren family household items and personal goods from their estate.</p><br>
<h2>The Antebellum Courthouse</h2><br>
<p>The District of Columbia was founded in 1800. In March of that year, following the adjournment of the Court in Alexandria, a noticed was released announcing that the County Court would be held at the new courthouse in "the center of the County, where all suitors, and others having business, are hereby notified to attend, on the third Monday of April next." On April 21 the first court session was held at the new building. The first order of business was to record the will of Corbin Washington, nephew of George Washington and brother of Judge Bushrod Washington, a Supreme Court Justice between 1798 and 1829. Corbin had been married to Hannah Lee, a daughter of Richard Henry Lee. Thomas Mason, son of George Mason, was present at a poll of voters taken two days later. With his design of the new courthouse, James Wren departed from the traditional single-story plan of most Virginia courthouses, and produced a two-story building with the courtroom on the ground floor and jury rooms over the arched arcade.</p><br>
<p>No precise descriptions of the interior of the courthouse have surfaced, but it was customary for a large table to be centered in the main chamber of the courthouse. This table was usually spacious enough to seat the sheriff and justices of the county court, and it is likely that the courthouse followed this same layout. It was also customary to separate the portion of the court occupied by the public, which was done by the installation of a wooden railing or a partition. Fireplaces likely heated the courtroom chamber and the second floor jury room. The new courthouse complex gradually became the center of activity for the county, and in 1805 the area around the new structure became known as the Town of Providence. The location of the new courthouse was ideal, being located at the junction of Little River Turnpike and Ox Road (present day routes 236 and 123) and providing easy access to most parts of the county.</p><br>
<p>Attorneys generally rented rooms in the Willcoxon hotel near the courthouse and used them as their offices, advertising their services in the Alexandria Gazette. The town of Providence was called Fairfax Court House during the Civil War years, until it was incorporated as the Town of Fairfax in 1875. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the land around the courthouse had been leveled and a fence was erected around the property. By December 1802 local officials deemed it necessary to create legislation to forbid sellers of liquors to set up booths on the public lot. In 1803 a plan was presented to the court for a poorhouse. One was soon erected, and land was set aside for its use. Gallows were erected at "Race Field" on the east side of the house occupied by Patrick McCarty on land owned by Richard Ratcliffe. In 1810 after the old jail located on the courthouse grounds burned, the new jail was built at a cost of $2, 486.</p><br>
<p>In general, the cases presented before the county justices were often an indication of the tenor of the times and of a personal nature. For example, John Hugely appeared before the court with two witnesses who testified that the upper part of his left ear had been bitten off in a fight. Another man, William Johnston was accused of stealing one linen shirt, one pair of pantaloons, one shawl, and one pair of stockings, and was sentenced to ten lashes at the public whipping post. One major source of income for Fairfax residents come from selling or hiring out their excess slaves. Frequent slave auctions were also held at the front door of the Fairfax courthouse. In 1800, the Reverend Jeremiah Moore, no longer confined to jail, was granted permission to preach in the courthouse; in 1801 blacks were forbidden to play fives or other games within the enclosure. As construction of turnpike roads linking Alexandria and Washington to the Shenandoah Valley took place, activity that centered in Fairfax County&#39;s courthouse square increased. On the courthouse grounds, businessmen mingled with others who came merely to exchange news and see friends. In the nineteenth century, much of the social and economic life of rural Virginia grew up around the monthly or quarterly "court days".</p><br>
<h2>The Courthouse and the Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Approximately three-hundred citizens lived in the vicinity of Fairfax Court House when the American Civil War began in April 1861. That same month, Company D of the 17th Regiment of Virginia Infantry, which would become known as the Fairfax Rifles, was mustered into service on the courthouse grounds. In May of that year, a small number of Confederates, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Richard Ewell, occupied Fairfax Court House. One group of Confederates was encamped at the Zion Church in town. Another group was camping on the courthouse lot, and another, under command of Captain John Quincy Marr, was camped at a Methodist church just south of the courthouse. Marr was a graduate of Virginia Military Institute in 1846, where he was second in his class. He had served as a delegate from Fauquier County to the Virginia Convention that approved the secession resolution the previous April. Captain Marr was in charge of approximately ninety men, known as the Warrenton Rifles, as they camped near the courthouse late in May 1861. On the evening of May 31, he was sleeping in the clerk&#39;s building on the courthouse grounds.</p><br>
<h3>The first Confederate officer casualty of the war</h3><br>
<p>Company B of the Second United States Cavalry, numbering around eighty men, were scouting the area around Fairfax Court House on the evening of the thirty-first. Around 3 AM, Confederate pickets to the northeast of town engaged the cavalry and the southern troops were routed. As the Union cavalry approached the courthouse, a firefight ensued with the Confederate troops stationed there. There was much confusion and panic during the skirmish, and at some point during the fight, Captain John Marr was killed. His body was discovered on the courthouse grounds by a local slave the next morning. Much speculation surrounds his death. Some historians believe it was a stray bullet that caused the fatal wound, and others even say the bullet was from friendly fire. Regardless, however, with his death, Marr became the first Confederate officer killed during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h3>The Courthouse Changes Hands</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse first came under the control of Northern troops a month later as Union General Irvin McDowell began moving his 37,000 man army west toward Manassas on July 18, 1861. Manassas would become the site of the first major battle of the war. By the spring of 1862 the courthouse had ceased to function as a center for legal business and was simply used as a military outpost.</p><br>
<p>Fairfax Court House would come under control of Southern troops again during a portion of 1862, but by the end of that year, Union troops again had control of the area, and would remain in possession of it until the end of the war. Period photographs of the courthouse building show it being used as a lookout point and station for Northern patrols. Other descriptions indicate that the courthouse was ransacked, its furnishings removed, and the interior generally gutted so that only the walls and roof remained. For all practical purposes, the courthouse and its related buildings were, in the years 1863 and 1864, a military outpost and minor headquarters in the Union army&#39;s system to protect its supply and communications lines from the irregular troops who kept hostilities constantly smoldering in Northern Virginia. Many important documents related to the legal proceedings of Fairfax County that were held in the courthouse were destroyed during the war years.</p><br>
<p>One item of particular importance to the courthouse was actually spared. When Confederate troops withdrew from Fairfax Court House in the fall of 1861, the will of George Washington, which was held at the courthouse, was secretly removed from the building by the court clerk, Alfred Moss, and taken to Richmond, Virginia. Here it was placed for safekeeping with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Following the end of the Civil War, it was returned to Fairfax. Martha Washington&#39;s will, also held at the courthouse, was not removed but remained there during the time it was occupied by Union troops. In late 1862, a group of soldiers were engaged in shoveling out the debris from the floor. According to some recollections, a Union lieutenant grew curious about some of the papers in the building, and upon examination, realized some included the will of Martha Washington, so he took it with him. The will would appear again in 1903 in England where the lieutenant was said to have sold it to a man named J.P. Morgan. The will remained in the Morgan family until it was returned to Fairfax County at some point during the twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>The end of the war to the 20th century</h2><br>
<p>During the later years of the Civil War, when Northern Troops occupied the courthouse, the jail adjacent to the building was used as a storehouse and a holding cell for military prisoners. After fire destroyed the jail in 1884, a new structure was built a year later. The jailer had his living quarters in the front portion of this new building, which served as his residence until 1948. The building itself ceased to be used for detention of prisoners shortly after that time. Since 1956, the old jail building has been used for offices of various county agencies, including the juvenile court and probation office, civil defense office, fire board, police dispatcher, and recreation department. In the past century, the traditional courthouse square was altered by the addition of new wings to the historic 1800 building. These additions, constructed in 1929 and 1953, extend the courthouse square southward to form the present large E-shaped building. During these renovations, a small brick office, built in 1870 for the Clerk of the Court and other county officials, was torn down. For a time, all major county offices were housed in the new courthouse addition. In 1969, a fifteen story county office building was built immediately southwest of the old courthouse building, to provide space for the Board of Supervisors and many extended county offices. In addition to housing the courts, the courthouse also serves as a place for recording and storing records of deeds and wills. The original wills of George and Martha Washington are currently on display in the County Court Clerk&#39;s office. The Historic Fairfax County Courthouse and Jail were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is located in the City of Fairfax Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>The Historic Courthouse today</h2><br>
<p>Today, the original courthouse building and the subsequent additions serve the Circuit Court, General District Court, and Juvenile and Domestic Relations of Fairfax County.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kasa is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains, reaching the height of 2,897 m. It is situated in Japan&#39;s Hida Mountains in Gifu Prefecture and in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park. The shape of the mountain looks like the Umbrella in the triangle. Therefore, it became this name. There are many mountains with same name in Japan and this is the tallest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1683 – It was said that Enkū had opened this mountain.</p><br>
<p>In 1894, August 2 – Englishman Walter Weston had climbed on the top.</p><br>
<p>In 1913, August – Usui Kojima had climbed on the top.</p><br>
<p>In 1932 – Mountain hut of Kasa Mountain Cottage (笠ヶ岳山荘) was constructed near the top.</p><br>
<p>In 1934, December 4 – This area was specified to the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.</p><br>
<p>In 1964 – "Kasa-shin-dō"(笠新道) of the new Trail had been made. Then it is the main route to the Mount Kasa.</p><br>
<p>In 1993 – Postage stamp of Mount Kasa and Takayama Festival was put on the market by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (Japan).</p><br>
<p>In 1995 – Sumie Tanaka (田中澄江 Tanaka Sumie) completed New Flowers of the 100 Mountains, which featured many of the Alpine plant(Trollius japonicus シナノキンバイ and others) on Mount Kasa.</p><br>
<h2>Mountaineering</h2><br>
<h3>Main ascent routes</h3><br>
<p>There are three climbing routes to the top of the mountain.</p><br>
<h3>Mountain hut</h3><br>
<p>Thera are several Mountain hut around Mount Kasa.</p><br>
<p>Around Shin-Hotaka-Onsen, there are many hot spring (Onsen) to take the tiredness and to relax.</p><br>
<p>Kasa Mountain Cottage (笠ヶ岳山荘) – near the top (with Campsite)</p><br>
<p>Wasabi-Daira Hut (ワサビ平小屋) – near the entrance of Kasa-shin-dō</p><br>
<p>Kagami-Daira Mountain Cottage (鏡平山荘) – near the Pond Kagami(鏡池)</p><br>
<p>Sugoroku Hut (双六小屋) – between Mount Sugoroku and Mount Momisawa (with Campsite)</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is the mountain that consists chiefly of the Porphyry (geology). The higher region than Shakushi-daira(杓子平) are the forest limit of Siberian Dwarf Pine belt, and the place that Alpine plant grows naturally and Rock Ptarmigan live.</p><br>
<h3>Nearby mountains</h3><br>
<p>Mount Kasa is on the subridge (from Mount Sugoroku) of the main ridge line in the southern part of the Hida Mountains. There are Mount Shakujō and Mount Ōkibanotsuji on the southern ridge.</p><br>
<h3>Rivers</h3><br>
<p>The mountain is the source of the following rivers, each of which flows to the Sea of Japan.</p><br>
<p>Sugoroku River (a tributary of the Jinzū River)</p><br>
<p>Gamata River (tributaries of the Takahara River)</p><br>
<p>The Parker–Hutchinson Farm is a historic farm property on Parker Bridge Road in Coventry, Connecticut. It includes the Samuel Parker House which dates from 1850. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The listing included an 8 acre area with a "Cape" farmhouse, and a number of outbuildings, including a horse barn, a sheep barn, and a shed. There also are foundations of former buildings.</p><br>
<p>The significance of the property is not for the architecture of its farmhouse, but rather as a remarkably intact site where a number of small-scale industrial enterprises were conducted. The Parkers, and later the Hutchinsons, are documented to have engaged in a significant number of businesses in the 19th century, operating a cider mill, producing both raw and processed wool and flax, and operating a small cooperage and probably also a small woolen hat-making enterprise.</p><br>
<p>Epano Vatheia is a Greek village in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. It is located at an altitude of 260 m, some 17 kilometres from the city of Heraklion, in the valley of the Stavromenos river. Its population numbers 151.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Of historical interest is the old church of Saint Antony, with remains of murals. The church is reported in notarial contracts in 1271 as well as in a document dating to 1394. In 1583, it is reported to have numbered 125 residents. In the Ottoman inventory 1671 it is recorded as having fifteen families, while in the Egyptian inventory of 1834 it has 10 Christian and 3 Muslim ("Cretan Turks") families. On the contrary, in the inventory of 1881 only 2 Christians and 225 Muslims were reported. By 1900, it numbered only 10 residents, and none in 1920. By 1928 it had been repopulated, with 258 people living there.</p><br>
<p>Brighton Hippodrome is an entertainment venue in the ancient centre of Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. It has been empty and out of use since 2007, when its use as a bingo hall ceased.</p><br>
<p>From its construction in 1897 it has hosted an ice rink, circus acts, variety theatre, vaudeville shows and bands such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones. The flamboyantly decorated interior, with a large auditorium and Rococo embellishments, survives despite the frequent alterations; but in July 2010 its owner announced that it would cost £9 million to restore the building and convert it into a live music venue, and a charitable trust expressed concern over its future. Since 2011, several plans have been submitted to convert the building for alternative uses. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the end of the 19th century, Brighton had been a fashionable and thriving seaside resort, which had experienced rapid growth, for more than 100 years. It developed around the medieval fishing village of Brighthelmstone—a grid of streets running inland from the sea, intercut with narrow twittens. Middle Street, the most important and central of these streets, was built up from the 16th century, and was lined with houses both large and small, inns, the town&#39;s oldest school and a richly decorated synagogue.</p><br>
<p>Land on the east side of the street was chosen as the site of the Real Ice Skating Rink in 1897. It was designed by the architect Lewis Karslake and had a long stuccoed façade with short towers at each end. The venture was unsuccessful, as ice-skating did not gain popularity; and in 1900, the owners converted the venue into a circus. Frank Matcham, a prolific theatre architect, was engaged to enlarge and rebuild the interior. The building was renamed The Hippodrome and reopened in its new form in 1901. The following year the circus failed and the site was auctioned. It was bought by theatre entrepreneur Thomas Barrasford who modified the auditorium, replacing the circus ring with seating, and on 22 December 1902 the Hippodrome reopened as a variety theatre.</p><br>
<p>Barrasford died at the venue in February 1910 and the Hippodrome was sold to the Variety Theatres Controlling Compay (VTCC). It quickly became Brightons most important variety theatre. Laurence Olivier made his professional stage début—but fell over on his first entrance. and Vivien Leigh gave an acclaimed performance in George Bernard Shaws play The Doctor&#39;s Dilemma in January 1942. Local stars also featured: Max Miller, the Brighton-born music hall entertainer and comedian, appeared on many occasions between 1928 and 1960</p><br>
<p>The venue&#39;s early success led to expansion. In 1919 the lower floors of the two houses on the north side, known as Hippodrome House since Barrasford made his home there in 1902, was converted into a Palm Court for teas and dances. Its maximum capacity may have been up to 3,000 (this is debatable), although an attendance of 4,500 was recorded on one occasion. Further changes of ownership in 1928 and 1932 made the Hippodrome part of the Moss Empires circuit.</p><br>
<p>After World War II, though, the popularity of variety theatre waned, and the new practice of centralised booking of productions by an agency in London meant that the tastes of Brighton audiences were not specifically catered for: the venue typically received shows that had toured around the country and had no local connection. The Hippodrome accordingly hosted concerts and other large-scale events: concerts by The Beatles (part of their 1964 World Tour) and The Rolling Stones (on their 4th British Tour 1964) in October 1964. This could not stop the decline, though, and on 22 November 1964 the theatre was closed. Brighton Corporation considered acquisition but the idea lapsed. In 1966 it was converted into a short-lived television and film studio. In 1967, it was turned into a Mecca Bingo hall; the conversion work included the insertion of a raised floor above the stage and through the proscenium arch. Mecca was bought by the Rank Organisation in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Repairs were carried out on the coloured glass awnings above the entrance in the early 1990s. In July 2010, AMG announced that this would probably cost at least £9 million: suitable soundproofing in the narrow, partly residential street would cost about £3 million, and the deteriorating structural condition meant repair work would be difficult and expensive. Initial analysis work cost £ million. The Theatres Trust, the statutory advisory body on theatre conservation, placed the Hippodrome on its register of "buildings requiring special attention" It was number one on the list in 2013 and the following three years.</p><br>
<p>Brighton and Hove City Council stated in October 2011 that AMG had met officers from the licensing and planning departments in an attempt to move the situation forward. Four months later, Live Nation announced its intention to seek planning permission for to convert the building into "one of the city’s main live music venues", at an estimated cost of £9 million. By this time the company had spent at least £100,000 on structural and other surveys. Nothing came of these plans, though, and in February 2013 another group—Alaska Development Consultants—unveiled an £18 million plan to turn the Hippodrome into an eight-screen cinema. Five new shops and a public square would be part of the plans, and the building would be connected to an adjacent shopping arcade. Local firm Russ Drage Architects drew up the plans. A local and national campaign, preferring the building to be used for live theatre or similar events, protested against the plans; but by January 2014 Alaska Development Consultants proposals had evolved into a £35 million scheme including a restaurant on a removable floor above the auditorium. English Heritage announced their support for these plans in April 2014, and in November 2014 the city councils planning department gave final approval. The site, together with the contiguous Dukes Lane shopping street, was immediately put on the market AMG acquired the freehold and offered campaigners a six-month moratorium to develop plans for restoration. Work to achieve restoration continues.</p><br>
<p>Under the name Mecca Bingo, 52–58 Middle Street, the building was listed at Grade II* on 20 December 1985; As of February 2001, it was one of 70 Grade II*-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the former Hippodrome is in three parts and is stuccoed, but there is apparently brickwork, terracotta and stone underneath. The original (1897) section is symmetrical, but the extension northwards in 1939 took in two houses which make the composition unbalanced. The central section has a stepped pediment above a dentil cornice and a rectangular panel with the letters projecting. Below this, a three-part awning projects as a lean-to, forming a low roof. This obscures the centre bay, which has three arches with entrances below. The middle entrance has a porch flanked by fluted pilasters and topped by an entablature with a pulvinated (convex) frieze. The arch has a decorative archivolt. Between the porch and the two plain outer entrances in the centre bay are single straight-headed windows divided into two lights by a single mullion.</p><br>
<p>A pair of short towers stand alongside the centre bay. They each have a simple straight-headed entrance with pilasters, a cornice and a pediment at ground-floor level, and two more windows and a door above. A wide dentil cornice runs around each tower, and on the inside an extra section projects inwards and upwards beyond the cornice line. Elaborate single-storey entrance bays flank the towers, with chamfered arches, ornate mouldings, Ionic columns and a cornice. Above the frieze is a scroll-moulded cartouche which is framed by the upper sections of the columns.</p><br>
<p>Inside, much of Frank Matcham&#39;s original work remains, and the design is considered to be one of his finest and to display "his hallmark decorative richness". A narrow foyer leads to an auditorium shaped like a horseshoe, with seats arranged in a circle around it and in front of the stage. Above this is a proscenium arch featuring elaborate Rococo-style moulded plasterwork showing dolphins and female figures, and with egg-and-dart decoration to the architrave. Above the auditorium is an intricately patterned dome, and there are Indo-Saracenic-style onion domes on top of the two-part stage-boxes—evoking the style of the nearby Royal Pavilion. The stage and proscenium arch are now partly obscured by the new floor inserted in 1967. More Rococo decoration is found on the panelled segmented ceiling, from which a large lantern also hangs. The newer rooms on the northern side, all decorated in an elaborate Middle Eastern style, include a conservatory and bars.</p><br>
<p>Meridian Peak is a mountain summit in the Gore Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 12,432 ft peak is located in the Eagles Nest Wilderness, 14.5 km north by west  of the Town of Vail, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide separating White River National Forest and Eagle County from Arapaho National Forest and Summit County.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking</h2><br>
<p>Meridian Peak can be found at the southern end of Elliot Ridge Trail. It can be reached by ascending several hiking trails into the Gore Range. Surprise Lake Trail goes south for 2.6 miles to Surprise Lake, then the Gore Range Trail continues west for 1.9 miles to a junction with the Upper Cataract Lake and Mirror Lake Trail. Mirror Lake is 6.5 miles beyond the junction, at an elevation of 10,560 feet. The Elliot Ridge Trail is 3.2 miles from Mirror Lake. The summit of Meridian Peak is another 1.2 south from the junction with the Elliot Ridge Trail.</p><br>
<p>The Aiguille Dibona, formerly called  Pain de Sucre du Soreiller  is a mountain in the French Alps, in the Massif des Écrins, notable for its "astonishing triangular granite spear."</p><br>
<p>Because of its singular shape, the ease of access, and the exceptional quality of its granite the mountain is very popular among climbers. The many routes on the mountain are among the most popular in the Écrins. Formerly called Pain de Sucre du Soreiller, it was renamed for Angelo Dibona, the Dolomites guide and mountaineer, who made the first ascent on 27 June 1913 with Guido Mayer. At the foot of the mountain is the refuge du Soreiller, accessible in 3h30m from the village of Étages.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing routes</h2><br>
<p>The main climbing routes are:</p><br>
<p>Normal and historical route: PD (peu difficile), The last section of the route can be replaced by a more challenging route variant consisting in 8 pitches of climb at IV (UIAA grade).</p><br>
<p>On the south face are the most popular routes:</p><br>
<p>Voie des Savoyards (14 pitches, 6a max but 5c compulsory, partially bolted)</p><br>
<p>Voie Madier (15 pitches, 6a+, partially bolted)</p><br>
<p>Visite obligatoire (12 pitches, 6a sustained, well bolted)</p><br>
<p>Voie Berthet-Boell-Stoefer (15 pitches, 5b, partially bolted)</p><br>
<p>The east and west faces are less frequented</p><br>
<p>Azure Lake is a fjord-like lake located in east-central British Columbia, Canada. It is an expansion of the Azure River which rises from an unnamed glacier in the Cariboo Mountains. The outflow is also called the Azure River, but it is only 50 m long before it flows into the Clearwater River. Azure Lake is one of the six major lakes in Wells Gray Provincial Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Azure Lake is ringed by peaks which rise about 1,800 m above its shoreline. North of the lake are Mount Huntley, Batoche Peak, Tryfan Mountain, and Buchanan Peak. Garnet Peak, Wells Gray Parks third highest mountain, rises north of Tryfan, but is not visible from anywhere on the lake. South of the lake are Zodiac Mountain and Azure Mountain. East of the lakes upper end is Mount Hogue. The deeply incised valley of Azure Lake was carved by glaciers during past Ice Ages resulting in rugged and steep shorelines. Hanging valleys are seen along both sides of the lake and there are waterfalls on nearly every tributary stream; Garnet Falls, Crystal Falls, Roostertail Falls, and Rainbow Falls are the most notable.</p><br>
<p>what is happening to river azure?</p><br>
<p>River azure has been a very important source of water for the thousands of people who live along its banks.They depend on the water for all their daily necessities including drinking water, recreation and agriculture. The river is teeming with aquatic plants and animals. A few days ago, the aquatic animals in the river started dying and the death toll keeps increasing. they have begun decoposing and are creating a foul smell because it is not possible for volunteers to remove all the dead animals. The people are afraid to use any of the water from river azure. There are many rumours that this has been caused by climatic changes or pollution from the new factories that were recently opened near the river.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of names</h2><br>
<p>Azure Lake refers to its colour. The name appeared on a map in 1914 and in the BC Gazetteer in 1930. It was sometimes also called Blue Lake. Angus Horne may have named the lake. He settled at Blue River in the North Thompson Valley in 1912 and prospected, trapped and explored in these mountains.</p><br>
<p>Angus Horne Lake and Angus Horne Creek which flows into Azure Lake are named for him (see above).</p><br>
<p>Mount Huntley was named by Chess Lyons in 1940. He was dispatched by Arthur Wellesley Gray, British Columbia&#39;s Minister of Lands, six months after Wells Gray Park was created, to explore the park and report on its significant features. Huntley Campbell was his assistant.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Peak was also named by Chess Lyons. Robert "Buck" and Sarah Buchanan were from Texas and lived at Deception Point on Mahood Lake from 1933 to 1941. His two boats, Albedrio and Manana, transported the Lyons expedition along Mahood and Canim Lakes.</p><br>
<p>Garnet Peak was named by Hugh Neave after leading the first ascent in 1974. He found garnets in several places on the peak.</p><br>
<p>Tryfan Mountain was named by Hugh Neave after the Welsh peak where he learned rock climbing as a boy.</p><br>
<p>Mount Hogue was named by Chess Lyons for trappers Henry and John Hogue who built Helmcken Falls Lodge, Wells Gray Park&#39;s first lodging, in 1948.</p><br>
<h2>Access and trails</h2><br>
<p>There are no roads to Azure Lake. The only access is by boat from the end of the Clearwater Valley Road at the south end of Clearwater Lake. Motorboats can easily travel up Clearwater Lake, through the connecting Clearwater River and Azure River for 2.9 km to Azure Lake. Canoeists and kayakers can paddle up Clearwater Lake, then take the portage trail over to Azure Lake. Azure Lake can also be reached by a water taxi operated by Clearwater Lake Tours. A popular multi-day trip is to take the water taxi, loaded with canoes or kayaks, to Rainbow Falls then paddle back to the south end of Clearwater Lake. Access by air is restricted and a special permit from B.C. Parks is required to land a float plane or helicopter at Azure Lake.</p><br>
<p>There are four campsites along Azure Lake: Osprey and Rainbow Falls on the south shore and Indian Point and Four and a Half Mile on the north shore. Fees are paid at the boat launching ramp on Clearwater Lake. Sites cannot be reserved in advance.</p><br>
<p>There is only one hiking trail from the shore of Azure Lake and it leads to Huntley Col. It was first blazed by mountain climber and explorer, Hugh Neave, in 1966 and improved by other hikers. It is a strenuous five-hour climb of 1,370 m. From the Col, the peaks along the Huntley-Buchanan Ridge can be climbed on a multi-day expedition with a base camp at Huntley Col where water is available. Garnet Peak is usually a four-day climb via the Huntley Col trail and requires technical rock climbing experience. Other than this trail, hiking from Azure Lake is difficult due to extremely dense undergrowth.</p><br>
<p>La Grande Ruine  is a mountain in Hautes-Alpes, France. It belongs to the Massif des Écrins in the Dauphiné Alps and is located in the heart of the wilderness of the Écrins National Park roughly halfway between its illustrious neighbours Barre des Écrins and Meije. The mountain has two different summits, the Pointe Brevoort at 3,765 m to the south and</p><br>
<p>Pic Maître at 3,726 m to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The normal route to the summit starts from the tiny village of Villar-d&#39;Arêne near the Col du Lautaret. Despite its height and steepness the mountain is relatively easy to climb. The reward from the top is a great view across the Dauphiné Alps, which includes the mighty north face of the Barre des Écrins.</p><br>
